Humera Shafi

University of the Punjab

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Muhammad Imran

University of Lahore

Hafiz Faisal Usman

Government College University, Lahore

Muhammad Tahir

Khyber Medical College

Muhammad Zar Ashiq

University of Peshawar

Sardar Ali Wattoo

Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar

Quaid-i-Azam University

Fahad Anwar

Government College University, Lahore

Muhammad Sarwar

University of Management and Technology

Mohammad Sarwar

Vanderbilt University

Muhammad Sarwar

City College of New York

Cooperative Institutions

University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Government College University, Faisalabad

University of the Punjab

University of Sargodha

Ghazi University

National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

Government College University, Lahore

University of Management and Technology

University of KwaZulu-Natal

Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute

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Hair analysis of an unusual case of Chloroquine intoxication

Legal Medicine (2016)

Muhammad Imran Muhammad Zar Ashiq Humera Shafi Hafiz Faisal Usman Sardar Ali Wattoo

10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.01.002

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Citations (9)

Analytical methods for determination of anticoagulant rodenticides in biological samples

Forensic Science International (2015)

Muhammad Imran Humera Shafi Sardar Ali Wattoo Muhammad Taimoor Chaudhary Hafiz Faisal Usman

10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.008

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Citations (33)

Deaths due to abuse of dextromethorphan sold over-the-counter in Pakistan

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences (2015)

Humera Shafi Muhammad Imran Hafiz Faisal Usman Muhammad Sarwar Muhammad Tahir

Dextromethorphan is the most commonly used over-the-counter anti-tussive and expectorant medicine at therapeutic doses. Due to easy availability, euphoric high and hallucinogenic effects at larger doses, dextromethorphan popularity amongst the drug abusers is growing day by day. It is often mixed with alcohol, opiates, cannabinoids or other drugs of abuse for recreational purposes despite their lethal synergistic effects. More than 50 deaths were reported the first time in Pakistan after consuming cough syrups containing dextromethorphan, manufactured by two local pharmaceutical industries. All deceased had the history of drug abuse. We report the deaths of nineteen males, ages ranged from 17 to 45 years, in two major cities of Pakistan who purposefully ingested large doses of dextromethorphan for recreational purposes and died as a result of direct toxic effects of the drug. Toxicological analysis revealed high levels of dextromethorphan ranging from 7.3 to 41.7 mg/L in the peripheral blood, 4.2–92.6 mg/kg in the liver and 9.9–349.6 mg/L in the gastric content by high performance liquid chromatography. The dextromethorphan concentrations in all subjects significantly exceeded the therapeutic range and were consistent with concentrations reported in other cases of dextromethorphan abuse and toxicity. Besides dextromethorphan other drugs of abuse like cannabinoids, opiates, benzodiazepines, ethanol and chlorpheniramine were also detected. The cause of death was determined to be acute dextromethorphan intoxication with lethal synergistic effect of other co-ingested drugs of abuse. The deaths resulted in the prosecution of all individuals involved in manufacturing, distribution or sale of the cough syrup.

Dextrorphan

MDMA

Drugs of abuse

10.1016/j.ejfs.2015.07.002

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Citations (19)

Von Hippel–Lindau Syndrome: A Case Report

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (2009)

Humera Shafi

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Von Hippellindau syndrome is a rare syndrome. Von HippelLindau is an autosomal dominant condition manifested by cerebellar and spinal hemangioblastomas, retinal angiomas, clear cell RCC, cysts of the pancreas, kidney, and epididymis, epididymal cystadenimas, pheochromocytoma, and endolymphatic sac tumors. The aim of this report was to introduce one case of Von HippelLindau syndrome that patient's multiple organs were involved. CASE: The patient was a 28 year old male that nine years ago because of right big cyst epididymis underwent surgery and about seven years ago he was hospitalized because of headache, ataxia and vertigo. Cerebellum hemangioblastomas was diagnosed by MRI, and three years ago abnormal gait caused by spinal hemangioblastoma in L2 and L3. The patient underwent surgery and then radiation treatment. Also, he suffered from blindness in the right eye caused by retinal angioma. Neurosurgeon referred the patient to urology center that a tumor in the incidentaloma of right kidney was discovered and underwent right radical nephrectomy. Pathologist's report showed renal cell carcinoma. Now he referred due to infertility and undergoes diagnostic biopsy. Unfortunately he can not be a candidate for microinjection because histology revealed immature cells. CONCLUSION: With regard to the reported case of Von HippelLindau syndrome that his multiple organs were involved; coordination of different specialties in medical cares and the earlier identification of tumor and more careful surveillance after surgery due to multiple characteristics of tumor seem to be necessary.

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Fatal Intoxications Due to Administration of Isosorbide Tablets Contaminated with Pyrimethamine

Journal of Forensic Sciences (2016)

Muhammad Imran Humera Shafi Zahid Mahmood Mohammad Sarwar Hafiz Faisal Usman

In January 2012, 664 cases of pyrimethamine toxicity and 151 deaths were reported among cardiac patients that had recently received free medicines from pharmacy of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan. These patients, ages ranged from 58 to 75 years, were prescribed simvastatin, clopidogrel, aspirin soluble, isosorbide mononitrate, and amlodipine. On examination of medications being given to them, it was found that a particular batch of isosorbide mononitrate tablets was contaminated with 50 mg pyrimethamine. Cardiac patients were taking isosorbide contaminated with pyrimethamine twice daily (100 mg pyrimethamine/day), whereas therapeutic dose of pyrimethamine for malaria is 25 mg/week. Postmortem urine, cardiac blood, and femoral blood specimens of three deceased males were submitted to author's laboratory for analysis. Postmortem toxicological analysis revealed that pyrimethamine concentration fell within the range of 1-10 μg/mL by liquid chromatography. Clinical, autopsy, histopathological, and toxicological findings strongly suggested toxicity due to pyrimethamine accumulation that resulted in deaths of these cardiac patients.

Isosorbide mononitrate

Amlodipine

10.1111/1556-4029.13125

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Citations (5)

Quantitation of Heroin Using GC-FID

Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar Humera Shafi Fahad Anwar

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Metabolomics and Marker Based Accelerated Stability of Kanji and Ethanol Extract of its Main Ingredient, Daucus carota L. Roots

Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta (2018)

Abdalla A. Latif Khalid Hussain NI Bukhari Humera Shafi Mohd Mazhar

A self-fermented probiotic beverage Kanji-prepared from roots of Daucus carota L. subsp.sativus (Hoffm.)Arcang.var.vavilovii Mazk.(Apiaceae)-is widely consumed in many Asian countries due to a number of therapeutic claims.However, this beverage is only available for 2-3 months due to instability and availability of raw material.Therefore, to make this remedy available for longer period, the present study describes accelerated stability and different kinetic parameters of Kanji and ethanol extract of its major ingredient using metabolomics comparison and marker-based HPLC method.The samples were stored at three different conditions of temperature and relative humidity for a period of six months.UV-visible metabolomics fingerprints of both the samples taken at different time intervals compared to assess the stability under stress conditions.The same samples were then analyzed using HPLC method with florescent detection for the determination of ferulic acid contents which were used to determine kinetic parameters and predict shelf life at 25 °C.Metabolomics fingerprints comparison showed decrease in peak intensities and appearance of entirely different profiles in samples stored at high temperature and relative humidity.Based on ferulic acid contents, both the products followed zero order degradation.Ethanol extract was found to be having higher shelf life, activation energy and pre-exponential factor than that of the Kanji.The results of the present study indicate that Kanji manufacturers may use UV-visible metabolomics profiles for the assessment of stability and ethanol extract of roots of Daucus carota L. to make this beverage available throughout the year.

Daucus carota

Ingredient

10.4172/2153-2435.1000589

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Toxicological Investigation of Acute Cyanide Poisoning Cases: Report of Four Cases

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine (2015)

Humera Shafi Muhammad Imran Hafiz Faisal Usman Muhammad Zar Ashiq Muhammad Sarwar

Cyanide is a deadly poison. Acute cyanide poisoning in humans is rare and is predominantly caused by smoke inhalation from fires and much more rarely by intentional ingestion of cyanide salts as in suicide or homicide attempts. The main objective of this report is to emphasize the need to consider cyanide poisoning, even if it is rare, in differential diagnosis while evaluating cases of sudden death and the significance of gastric content analysis in acute poisoning cases. The authors reported four cases of lethal cyanide poisoning. Autopsy specimens were submitted to the author’s laboratory for analysis. A presumptive test for cyanide using Vitamin B12 indicated the presence of cyanide. Confirmation and quantification of cyanide was performed using headspace gas chromatograph coupled to flame ionization detector technique. The toxicological analysis revealed lethal hydrogen cyanide concentrations in all postmortem specimens ranging from 24 to 2600 mg/L in gastric contents, 70 to 282 mg/kg in liver specimens, 11 to 12 mg/kg in a mixture of viscera (liver, spleen, kidney) and 15 mg/L in blood. The cause of deaths in the reported cases was acute respiratory failure and cardiac arrest following cyanide intoxication.

Cyanide Poisoning

Hydroxocobalamin

Hydrogen cyanide

10.12816/0017704

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Development of Rapid and Economical Colorimetric Screening Method for p‐Phenylenediamine in Variety of Biological Matrices and its Application to Eleven Fatal Cases of p‐Phenylenediamine Poisoning

Journal of Forensic Sciences (2016)

Muhammad Imran Hafiz Faisal Usman Humera Shafi Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar Muhammad Tahir

Abstract A rapid colorimetric method for detection of p‐phenylenediamine ( PPD ) in various biological samples is developed. The o‐cresol test for acetaminophen detection has been modified to detect PPD in blood, urine, gastric contents, and liver. After precipitating protein with trichloroacetic acid solution (2 mL, 10% w/v), biological specimens were required to convert PPD metabolites to PPD by acid hydrolysis. Finally, o‐cresol solution (1 mL, 1% w/v), hydrogen peroxide (200 μL, 3%v/v), and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (0.5 mL) were added in the biological samples. The presence of PPD was indicated by formation of violet color which was turned to bluish green color within 10–15 min. The limit of detection was found to be 2 mg/L in blood, urine, and gastric contents and 2 mg/Kg in liver. This method is also free from any potential interference by p‐aminophenol, acetaminophen, and other amine drugs under test conditions. This method was successfully employed to thirteen fatal cases of PPD poisoning.

Colorimetry

Ammonium hydroxide

Trichloroacetic acid

10.1111/1556-4029.13297

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Determination of Cyanide in Biological and Non - Biological Matrices by Headspace Gas Chromatography Coupled to Flame - Ionization Detector

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine (2015)

Humera Shafi Adeel Subhani Muhammad Imran

A simple, rapid and reliable method for quantitation of cyanide was developed on a headspace gas chromatograph coupled to a flame ionization detector using a HP-Innovax (Polyethylene glycol bonded) column on an Agilent 7890A GC. Cyanide in blood or other matrices was liberated by conversion of potassium cyanide to the volatile hydrogen cyanide (HCN) through addition of 5N sulfuric acid in a headspace vial and analyzed using an Agilent G1888 headspace auto-sampler. HCN gas diffuses into the headspace above the specimen in a sealed vial based on Henry’s Law of partial pressure.

Flame ionization detector

10.12816/0011256

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Citations (5)