Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim

Universidade de São Paulo

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João Henrique Kleinschmidt

Universidade Federal do ABC

Cíntia Borges Margi

Universidade de São Paulo

Marcos Cézar Visoli

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

André Torre-Neto

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Dimitri Silva

Estefania Pianoski

Carlos Kamienski

Universidade Federal do ABC

Elisa Rojas

Universidad de Alcalá

Hedayat Hosseini

Amirkabir University of Technology

David Carrascal

Universidad de Alcalá

Cooperative Institutions

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Agricultural Research Corporation

Universidade Federal do ABC

Universidade Federal de São Carlos

Universidad de Alcalá

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo

Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná

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Metaverse IoT Confluence: Architecture Overview, Challenges and Requirements

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim Cíntia Borges Margi

Confluence

Metaverse

10.1145/3685323.3685332

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Citations (0)

Design of a Gateway-based relay node for LoRaWAN multihop networks

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim Cíntia Borges Margi João Henrique Kleinschmidt

LoRaWAN is one of the protocols responsible for connecting devices to the IoT ecosystem. The protocol provides connectivity with low energy consumption and a large coverage area. However, many scenarios impose difficulties on the transmission, and sometimes it is necessary to increase the coverage using a multihop approach. The objective of this work is to introduce a gateway-based relay device for a multihop LoRaWAN network. The called relay-gateway is an intermediate device capable of receiving data from many sources due to its hardware capabilities. It is reliable in terms of energy consumption because it uses a fixed energy source. The experimental evaluation conducted at the university campus shows that the relay solution is suitable for extending the network and providing connectivity to remote areas. The results show a 50% increase of packet delivery for some places using the relay solution compared with direct transmission using SF7.

Gateway (web page)

Residential gateway

10.1109/siot56383.2022.10070205

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Citations (4)

An Analytical Model for Multihop LoRaWAN Networks

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim João Henrique Kleinschmidt

LoRaWAN is one of the most popular LPWAN technology due to the facility to implement applications that require a low cost, low energy consumption, low data rate, and large coverage area. A LoRaWAN network is composed of end-devices that transmit data to gateways, forming a single-hop star topology. Multihop networks are receiving the attention of the LoRaWAN community since it allows to extend the coverage area and improve the energy efficiency,<br>thus prolonging the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for multihop LoRaWAN networks.<br>We investigate the energy consumption, throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio of single-hop and multihop relay<br>networks. The results showed that the network performance could be improved with relay nodes, giving insights to new<br>multihop proposals for LoRaWAN.

LPWAN

10.36227/techrxiv.16904410.v1

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Outperforming RPL with scalable routing based on meaningful MAC addressing

Ad Hoc Networks (2021)

Elisa Rojas Hedayat Hosseini Carles Gómez David Carrascal Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim

RPL is the de-facto IPv6-based routing protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT), where networks are mainly formed by sensors and other low capacity devices. However, RPL lacks scalability and is inefficient in any-to-any communications. In this article, we present IoTorii, a hierarchical protocol that creates routes based on a probe frame, instead of the computation of a distance vector, as in RPL. We implemented a proof-of-concept of IoTorii and compared it with RPL, proving lower number of table entries, decreased exchanged control messages and faster convergence time, with similar path hop count, which is particularly promising in the IoT field.

Distance-vector routing protocol

De facto

10.1016/j.adhoc.2021.102433

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Citations (19)

Enhancing Soil Measurements with a Multi-Depth Sensor for IoT-based Smart Irrigation

André Torre-Neto Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim João Henrique Kleinschmidt Carlos Kamienski Marcos Cézar Visoli

Smart farming is an emerging and important application of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This paper describes a multi-depth and multi-parameter probe for soil data collection utilized to on-farm research by the SWAMP project. The probe is based on LoRaWAN communication and has sensors for soil moisture, temperature, and electrical conductivity. The network infrastructure to deliver data to a cloud platform is also discussed. The combined solution was deployed in two pilots in Brazil to assess smart irrigation in drip and center pivot systems. The initial data collection shows the effectiveness of the solution, which is suitable to other smart farming processes.

Swamp

10.1109/metroagrifor50201.2020.9277562

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LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication

Sensors (2020)

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim João Henrique Kleinschmidt

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.

LPWAN

Mesh networking

10.3390/s20154273

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Citations (96)

O Impacto do Ataque Hello no Protocolo de Roteamento RPL

Anais de XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais (2017)

Estefania Pianoski Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim João Henrique Kleinschmidt

10.14209/sbrt.2017.102

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An Analytical Model for Multihop LoRaWAN Networks

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim João Henrique Kleinschmidt

LPWAN

10.36227/techrxiv.16904410

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Performance evaluation of RPL on a mobile scenario with different ContikiMAC radio duty cycles

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim João Henrique Kleinschmidt

IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the only standardized routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks. Therefore, RPL is the routing protocol chosen for most Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, the RPL protocol has some open issues when the scenario includes mobile nodes. Since many IoT applications include mobility, this is an important problem to address. Node mobility does not permit the network to stabilize and because of this keep exchanging control messages. Mobility increases the packet loss because mobile nodes may leave the coverage area before transmitting the data. This problems also increase the power consumption. Another important factor affects the RPL performance. To save nodes energy, the data link layer implements a radio duty cycle. These duty cycles turn the radio off when it is not used. One common and used radio duty cycle protocol is the ContikiMAC. Changes in the frequency of the duty cycle modifies the RPL performance. This work shows how the change of radio duty cycle of ContikiMAC on a hybrid scenario, composed by fixed and mobile nodes, interferes on RPL performance. Results show that the nodes mobility degrade the metrics tested. The choice of radio duty cycle is very important to the network performance. The results show that the RPL performance is strictly dependent of the duty cycle.

Duty cycle

Lossy compression

Packet radio

10.1109/hpsr.2017.7968675

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Citations (7)

An analytical model for multihop LoRaWAN networks

Internet of Things (2023)

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim João Henrique Kleinschmidt

LPWAN

Network Performance

Star network

10.1016/j.iot.2023.100807

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Citations (7)