Michael Grüninger

University of Toronto

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Mark S. Fox

University of Toronto

Torsten Hahmann

University of Maine

Carmen Chui

University of Toronto

Craig Schlenoff

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Megan Katsumi

University of Toronto

Yi Ru

Beihang University

Ram D. Sriram

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Bahar Aameri

University of Toronto

Conrad Bock

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Jintae Lee

Yeungnam University

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University of Toronto

National Institute of Standards and Technology

National Institute of Standards

United States Department of Commerce

Carnegie Mellon University

Stanford University

University of Maryland, College Park

Information Technology Laboratory

University of New Brunswick

University of Manchester

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Designing and Evaluating Generic Ontologies

Michael Grüninger

One of the many uses of ontologies has been the modelling of problems and domains in such areas as business process reengineering (where we need an integrated model of the enterprise and its processes, its organisations, its goals, and its customers), in distributed multiagent architectures (where different agents need to communicate and solve problems), and in concurrent engineering and design. We use ontologies for modelling problems and domains. Ontologies are intended to provide an “easy to re-use” library of class objects for modelling the problems and domains. The ultimate goal of this approach is the construction of a library of ontologies which can be reused and adapted to different general classes of problems and environments. However, many ontologies are informal in the sense that they provide have no semantics or axiomatizations. We need a framework for specifying the semantics of object classes and relations in the ontology. The methodology in this paper supports the formalization of informal ontologies and the integration and reuse of these ontologies. In these cases we have terminology with no or weak axiomatization; the goal is to write sufficient axioms to adequately capture the intended semantics. The fundamental challenge is to give some guidance as to the kinds of axioms an ontological engineer needs to write. In [Gruninger and Fox 95], we presented a methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies. For any given ontology, the goal is to agree upon a shared terminology and set of constraints on the objects in the ontology. We must agree on the purpose and ultimate use of our ontologies. We must therefore provide a mechanism guiding the design of ontologies, as well as providing a framework for evaluating the adequacy of these ontologies. Such a framework allows a more precise evaluation of different proposals for an ontology, by demonstrating the competency of each proposal with respect to the set of questions that arise from the applications. These justify the existence and properties of the objects within the ontology. In this paper, we refine this methodology to

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Ontology engineering

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The Process Specification Language (PSL) Overview and Version 1.0 Specification

Craig Schlenoff Michael Grüninger Florence Tissot John Valois Joshua Lubell

This document describes Version 1.0 of the Process Specification Language (PSL). PSL is an interchange format designed to help exchange process information automatically among a wide variety of manufacturing applications such as process modeling, process planning, scheduling, simulation, workflow, project management, and business process re-engineering tools. These tools would interoperate by translating between their native format and PSL. Then, any system would be able to automatically exchange process information with any other system via PSL.

PSL

10.6028/nist.ir.6459

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Ontologies and semantics for seamless connectivity

ACM SIGMOD Record (2004)

Michael Uschold Michael Grüninger

The goal of having networks of seamlessly connected people, software agents and IT systems remains elusive. Early integration efforts focused on connectivity at the physical and syntactic layers. Great strides were made; there are many commercial tools available, for example to assist with enterprise application integration. It is now recognized that physical and syntactic connectivity is not adequate. A variety of research systems have been developed addressing some of the semantic issues. In this paper, we argue that ontologies in particular and semantics-based technologies in general will play a key role in achieving seamless connectivity. We give a detailed introduction to ontologies, summarize the current state of the art for applying ontologies to achieve semantic connectivity and highlight some key challenges.

Semantic integration

10.1145/1041410.1041420

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Using Model-Theoretic Invariants for Semantic Integration

Michael Grüninger

Abstract : The meaning of terms in the ontology is characterized by models for first-order logic. The PSL Ontology has a first-order axiomatization of the class of models. Identify variants of the models. By axiomatizing these invariants, translation definitions can be shown to preserve semantics between software applications.

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Can SysML Be Used for Enterprise Modelling?

Lecture notes in business information processing (2021)

Kimberly Lai Michael Grüninger

Formalism (music)

Enterprise modelling

Modeling language

10.1007/978-3-030-91279-6_18

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The metatheory of ontology reuse

Applied Ontology (2018)

Megan Katsumi Michael Grüninger

The reuse of ontologies is critical to their value as a means of knowledge representation. Unfortunately, reuse also still poses a considerable challenge for the ontological community. One reason for this is the lack of a formal definition of reuse. How can we attempt to perform or even assist this sort of ontology design, if we have no clear understanding of what constitutes reuse, and what does not? In this work we aim to remedy this situation by providing a formal definition of the concepts of reuse and reusability: a metatheory of ontology reuse. Beyond providing a clear understanding of these concepts, part of the resulting definition is a characterization of the operations of reuse that can be leveraged to determine how a given ontology(s) may be reused to satisfy some specified requirements. This serves not only to provide direction for the task of reuse, but also to assess the implications of reusing an ontology(s). Collectively, the solutions presented in this paper provide an important foundation for ontology reuse.

Metatheory

10.3233/ao-180199

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The Distributed Ontology Language (DOL): Ontology Integration and Interoperability Applied to Mathematical Formalization

arXiv (Cornell University) (2012)

Christoph Lange Oliver Kutz Till Mossakowski Michael Grüninger

The Distributed Ontology Language (DOL) is currently being standardized within the OntoIOp (Ontology Integration and Interoperability) activity of ISO/TC 37/SC 3. It aims at providing a unified framework for (1) ontologies formalized in heterogeneous logics, (2) modular ontologies, (3) links between ontologies, and (4) annotation of ontologies. This paper focuses on an application of DOL's meta-theoretical features in mathematical formalization: validating relationships between ontological formalizations of mathematical concepts in COLORE (Common Logic Repository), which provide the foundation for formalizing real-world notions such as spatial and temporal relations.

Ontology components

Web Ontology Language

10.48550/arxiv.1204.5093

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Modeling Technology for a Model-Intensive Enterprise

Michael Grüninger David Flater Peter Denno

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Towards Computer-Aided Conceptual Design of Mechatronic Devices With Multiple Interaction-States

Changxin Xu Satyandra K. Gupta Zhiyang Yao Michael Grüninger Ram D. Sriram

In multiple interaction-state mechatronic devices the interactions between elements of use-environment and elements of the device can have different qualitative structures depending upon the modes of the device operation and the states of the use-environment. This paper describes a modeling framework to support conceptual design of such devices using state transition diagrams. We define the primitives and operators needed in the modeling framework, and illustrate the conceptual design process using these primitives and operators. We believe that the framework described in this paper will provide the underlying foundations for constructing the next generation software tools for the conceptual design of mechatronic devices.

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Conceptual model

Conceptual framework

10.1115/detc2005-85410

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Semantic resolution for e-commerce

Yun Peng Youyong Zou Xiaocheng Luan Nenad Ivezic Michael Grüninger

We describe a research project on resolving semantic differences for multi-agent systems (MAS) in electronic commerce.The approach can be characterized as follows: (1) agents in a MAS may have their own specific ontologies defined on top of a shared base ontology; (2) concepts in these ontologies are represented as frame-like structures based on DAML+OIL language; (3) the semantic differences between agents are resolved at runtime through inter-agent communication; and (4) the resolution is viewed as an abductive inference process, and thus necessarily involves approximate reasoning.

10.1145/545056.545065

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Citations (12)