C. Fernet

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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J. L. Dionne

Yorkville University

Jean Genest

Clinique Pasteur

G. Lalande

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Armand Tremblay

Université de Montréal

A. R. PESANT

Harvard University

G.L. Roy

Université Laval

L. Belzile

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

G. Pelletier

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

R. Drapeau

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

J. Surprenant

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Cooperative Institutions

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Université Laval

Université de Montréal

Yorkville University

Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre

Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine

Laboratoire de Biochimie

University of Zurich

Harvard University

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PATURAGE VERSUS ENSILAGE POUR LA PRODUCTION LAITIERE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (1981)

J. L. Dionne G.L. Roy G. Pelletier C. Fernet Jean Genest

Timothy and Ladino-timothy pastures (Phleum pratence L. et Trifolium repens L.) were compared to corn (Zea mays) and alfalfa-timothy silages (Medicago sativa L. and Phleum pratence L.) for forage and milk production. Three groups of 10 Holstein cows were used over three summers. Concentrate feeding was done according to the amount of milk fat produced. The grazing season extended from 29 May to 7 Oct., and the stoking rate was 3.09 cows per hectare. Cows fed silage were kept in confinement. Forage dry matter yields were 8677 kg/ha for the timothy pasture, 6574 kg/ha for the Ladino-timothy pasture, 7040 kg/ha for the alfalfa-timothy silage and 8740 kg/ha for the corn silage. Milk production per hectare was highest from fields harvested for silage: 11 891 kg/ha from silage compared to 8147 kg/ha from pasture. The forage-producing area required per cow was 0.15 ha for the silage crop and 0.28 ha for the pastures. Daily fat corrected milk production per cow was 21.8 kg on Ladino-timothy pasture, 21.6 kg on timothy pasture and only 18.2 kg per cow fed silage. The feed conversion index was 1.16 kg of dry matter per kilogram of milk for cows on pasture and 0.88 for those receiving silage. Milk produced from timothy pasture contained more protein than milk produced from silage; other milk constituents were not affected by treatments. A high concentration of urea was found in the blood serum of cows grazing on pasture due to the high amount of nitrogen contained in the herbage.

Silage

Hectare

Latin square

Trifolium repens

10.4141/cjps81-136

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EFFECTS OF SNOWMOBILE TRAFFIC ON YIELD AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE STANDS IN QUEBEC

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (1985)

A. R. PESANT C. Fernet J. L. Dionne L. Belzile

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of snowmobile traffic on forage stands in Quebec. In exp. I, two trial areas received 150 snowmobile passes a week for two winters from the beginning of December to the end of March. Three timothy legume swards (alfalfa, red clover, ladino clover) treated with snowmobile traffic showed no significant effects on yield or botanical composition. In exp. II, established forage stands in farmers’ fields crossed by snowmobile club trails were used over three consecutive winter periods. Spring soil-root core samplings taken on 30 location years showed a reduction in yield and legume stands following snowmobile traffic. No significant difference was found in the proportion of grasses but weed numbers increased. The factors believed to influence the yields and botanical composition were also investigated by using step-wise regression analysis. Yields and proportion of legumes and weeds were affected most by winter rain, snow depth and the clay content of the soils, respectively. The results suggested that snowmobile traffic in farmers’ fields was detrimental to alfalfa. Snowmobile trails should avoid legume fields and be located on waste lands, even though this may cause a lengthening of the trails.Key words: Snowmobile, cold hardiness, snow compaction, forage crops

Red Clover

10.4141/cjps85-076

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INFLUENCE DE LA FUMURE, DU CHARGEMENT ET DE L’ALIMENTATION A LA MOULEE SUR LA PRODUCTIVE HERBAGERE ET BOVINE DES PATURAGES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (1975)

J. L. Dionne G. Lalande Jean Genest C. Fernet

The influence of chemical fertilizers, stocking rate and meal supplementation on herbage and beef production was determined in a 3-yr pasture experiment. A stocking rate of 2.47 heads/ha was compared to one of 4.94 heads/ha. At the latter stocking rate, some of the steers were fed meal while on pasture. The fertilizer rates used were 1,121, 2,242 and 3,363 kg/ha of 10–10–10. All factors were combined in a factorial way. The fertility level of the soils was increased due to chemical fertilizer applications and at the highest rate, an excessive buildup of K occurred in soils. Phosphorus and potassium levels in soils were also increased at the highest stocking rate. An increase in fertilizer rate increased the total dry matter production of the herbage by 28%. Most of the increase in dry matter yields was accounted for by the harvesting of herbage surpluses obtained on the pastures fertilized with the highest rate of 10–10–10 and where the stocking rate was 2.47 heads/ha. At the stocking rate of 4.94 heads/ha, it was impossible to maintain the pasture dry matter production to meet the feed requirements of the grazing steers during the complete pasture season, even when the highest fertilizer rate was used. In the second half of the season, the daily body weight gains of the steers decreased by 50%. Feeding meal to the steers from mid-August compensated for the herbage shortage. The growth rate was markedly increased, while the carcasses had a thicker fat cover and a larger eye of lean. Finishing steers on grass pastures exclusively was possible at the stocking rate of 2.47 heads/ha. The maximum fertilizer rate appears to be at 200 kg/ha of each of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O. The optimum rate would be half of this quantity.

Stocking rate

Dry season

10.4141/cjps75-113

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Citations (1)

Cultivar-by-management interaction effects on timothy yield and quality evaluation

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (1993)

J. Surprenant R. Drapeau C. Fernet

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is the most important cultivated grass in eastern Canada. Cultivars from many parts of the world are evaluated and grown under different management regimes throughout the eastern region. This implies potentially large biased cultivar performance estimates due to potential cultivar-by-management interactions. A trial of 16 timothy cultivars was seeded at two locations in 1985 and submitted to two harvest management regimes to evaluate the magnitude of the cultivar-by-management interaction and cultivar stability. In this trial, dry matter production, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and crude protein were evaluated during a 3-yr period. Results indicate large cultivar-by-management, cultivar-by-location, and cultivar-by-year interactions for most parameters. Cultivar by management was generally the largest interaction with very low correlations between contrasting managements at the first harvest. However, stability parameter analysis indicated that most cultivars were stable. The determination of the contribution of the different cultivars to the interaction effects using orthogonal contrasts appeared to be the most meaningful technique for stability analysis and should be favoured in the determination of cultivar performance constancy. This technique allows one to define precisely the magnitude of the effect of each cultivar for each interaction and appeared very powerful in identifying stable cultivars. Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense, stability analysis, genotype by environment interaction

10.4141/cjps93-064

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