Utilizing the synthetic waste of firefighter costumes, rod‐shaped hard carbon materials are effectively produced for the first time with over 99% purity, and their structural properties are evaluated using the appropriate spectroscopic techniques. The galvanostatic cycling tests are performed at different temperatures and the result shows that the capacity and capacity fade values are directly affected by the temperature. The high‐rate consumption of sodium ions during the evolution of the solid–electrolyte interface in the first cycle of the cells is observed and the highest capacity of the half cells is obtained as 410 and 233 mAh g −1 for the first and second cycles, respectively. To compensate for the sodium‐ion loss, an electrochemical treatment presodiation technique is implemented, which is an effective means of compensating for the initial inefficiency. The optimum presodiation condition of electrochemical treatment of anode electrode for the production of Na 0.67 Mn 0.5 Fe 0.45 Ti 0.07 O 2 /presodiated hard carbon full cells is investigated. The highest capacity values for C/10 are obtained at 114.9 mAh g −1 for the full cells using the voltage window of 2–4 V. The cost analysis of the battery pack for 90 kW electric‐powered cars is calculated by the BatPaC software and the results are evaluated for possible commercialization.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A series of new Pd-NHC complexes were synthesized, characterized, and utilized as catalysts on 8-(hetero)arylation of xanthines and C-5 (hetero)arylation of 2-isobuthylthiazole. All the synthesized derivatives were characterized by NMR, Q-TOF-LC/MS, FTIR, and X-ray (for 4a, 5a, and 5b) analysis. In addition, DFT calculations and computational NBO studies for Pd-NHC complexes were examined, and HOMO and LUMO energy levels and electron density of each Pd-NHC complex were defined. 4a-c and 5a-b complexes showed good catalytic activity in C-H bond activation reactions. Although the DE values of the complexes are different, slight difference in the catalytic activity of complexes 4a and 4c is due to the high chemical reactivity and low DE value of the complexes. Since this low DE value facilitates the oxidative addition reaction of (hetero)aryl bromides, thanks to this catalytic system, new 8-(hetero)aryl xanthines and 5-(hetero)aryl thiazole derivatives could be synthesized with high yields and low catalyst loading.
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