Beirn tibergang von stehender zu liegender Stellung findet man in der Regel eine deutliche Verminderung der Vitalkapazitat ( B o h r (1907), H a s s e l b a l c h (1908) u.a.).H a m i l t o n und M o r g a n (1931) (Literatur !
Summary. According to a method already described the total quantity of hemoglobin has been determined on 17 boys and 21 girls between the ages of 8 and 17, on 174 men between the ages of 18 and 57 and on 92 women between 17 and 70. In the case of the male material the total quantity of hemoglobin increased with age and broadly speaking with physical growth up to the age of 22. In the female material — as in the male —the quantity of hemoglobin increased up to the ages of 12 to 13, but after this, the increase was considerably less up to the age of 20, after which it remained constant. In the male material the quantity of hemoglobin showed a manifest increase in relation to the bodyweight during the years of puberty and up to the age of 22, but in the female material there was a relative decrease from the age of 12 to 20. The average quantity of henloglobin in the adult man was 1.16 % of the bodyweight and 0.86 % in the adult woman. Even previous to the years of puberty the sexes showed a difference concerning the total quantity of henioglobin in relation to the bodyweight but none in relation to age. The quantity of hemoglobin did not increase with the increase of weight after physical growth had ceased, at least as regards the female material. The quantity of hemoglobin showed good correlation with the height during the years of development, though there was only slight correlation in the case of men and women. As regards the surface area of the body the total quantity of hemoglobin showed only slightly better correlation than to the bodyweight in men and women. but it was less in children. Broadly speaking the blood volume showed the same variability as the total quantity of hemoglobin, except that the difference between the sexes, in adults, was about 10% lower as regards the blood volunie than it was concerning the quantity of hemoglobin. The size of the error which the niethod adopted has, in that part of the carbon inonoxide is bound estravascularly inter alia to the myoglobin is discussed and the total hemoglobin determinations of some chronic Cases of anemia are given as a further proof of the smallness of this error, which is reckoned as being from 2 to 3%. The significance of the seemingly hormonal effect on the hemoglobin production under and after puberty is also discussed. A grant has been received from the Therese and Johan Anderssons Foundation for these investigations.
Abstract C astenfors , J. and T. S jöstrand . Cirulatory control via vagal afferents. I. Adjustment of heart rate to variations of blood volume in the rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1972. 84. 347–354. On withdrawal of 20–35 % of the blood volume the heart rate may increase, decrease or remain unchanged. The effect has been found to be dependent on animal strain, anesthesia and the autonomic balance. In Sprague‐Daley rats a lowering of the heart rate has been practically constantly observed, sometimes after an initial rise. Bilateral vagotomy eliminates the reduction of heart rate but does not obviously influence the rise. Atropine inhibits the bradycardia largely, and propranolol the tachycardia. On administration of both atropine and propranolol, both the lowering and the rise of heart rate are entirely eliminated. Ligation of the common, external and internal carotid arteries eliminates the bradycardia. Bilateral exclusion of afferents via the communicating branch between the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves usually eliminates the bradycardia. It is presumed that in the rat the heart rate response to hemorrhage is determined by antagonistically acting receptor mechanisms which affect the autonomic tone on the heart, one in a vagotonic and the other in a sympathicotonic direction. The afferents mediating the bradycardia run entirely or for the most part via the recurrent nerve and the laryngeal com‐municans to the cranial part of the cervical vagus.
Summary. A method is described for analysis of CO in small gas volumes with hopcalite CO‐meters. By the use of electrical temperature measurement and registration with direct writing potentiometers the applicability of these CO‐meters has been greatly increased. Amounts of pure CO, from about 0.001 ml up to about 1 ml, can be measured with marked accuracy in gas volumes from 0.02 to about 500 ml irrespective of the CO concentration. Accurate calibration can be obtained by comparison with 100 per cent CO without dilution procedures. The method was found especially suitable for analysis of small amounts of CO extracted from blood samples.
