The regularity of intrapulmonary lobar and segmental lymph node (LSN) metastasis in cT1N0M0 stage lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Thus, segmentectomy with uncertain LSN metastatic status remains a potential oncological risk. We aimed to facilitate more accurate determination of N staging and filter more suitable cases for segmentectomy.A prospective study was performed from March 2014 to September 2016. A total of 196 patients diagnosed with cT1N0M0 stage lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled and received lobectomy together with mediastinal lymph node dissection. The intrapulmonary LSNs were dissected and classified as adjacent LSN or isolated LSN. The metastatic status of the LSNs together with the TNM staging were analysed. A comparison of the metastatic probability of isolated LSN was carried out considering the metastatic status of adjacent LSN, imaging features, smoking history, pathological subtypes, size of the lesions and serum level of tumour markers (carcinoembryonic antigen and Cyfra21-1).Among the 196 cases enrolled, 152 were confirmed as pN0, 36 as pN1, 6 as pN1 + N2 and 2 as skip pN2. When the LSNs had not been dissected, the false-negative rate for N staging was 9.0% (15 of 167). Patients with adjacent LSN metastasis (P < 0.001), solid nodule (P = 0.001), non-lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001), nodules with maximum diameter larger than 2 cm (P < 0.001) and those with elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (>5 ng/ml) (P = 0.005) had a higher isolated LSN metastasis rate. No significant difference in isolated LSN metastasis rate was found between groups with or without smoking history (P = 0.90) and with different serum Cyfra21-1 levels (P = 0.14).Dissection of intrapulmonary LSNs reduces the false-negative rate of lymph node metastasis. Solid nodule, non-lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma larger than 2 cm in maximum diameter or with elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (>5 ng/ml) might not be suitable for segmentectomy. The lymph node sampling area during segmentectomy should include adjacent LSNs of the target segment. When metastasis to the adjacent LSNs is confirmed by fast-frozen pathology, segmentectomy would not be suitable.
There is controversy regarding the optimal treatment for stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to address this crucial issue through a frequentist network meta-analysis.
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both common diseases in respiratory system and the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the severity of COPD affects long-term survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after surgical resection.A retrospective research was performed on 421 consecutive patients who had undergone lobectomy for NSCLC. Classification of COPD severity was based on guidelines of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Characteristics among the three subgroups were compared and recurrence-free survivals were analyzed.A total of 172 patients were diagnosed with COPD, 124 as mild (GOLD-1), 46 as moderate(GOLD-2), and 2 as severe (GOLD-3). The frequencies of recurrence were significantly higher in higher COPD grades group (P<0.001). Recurrence-free survival at five years were 78.1%, 70.4%, and 46.4% in Non-COPD, GOLD-1 COPD, and GOLD-2/3 COPD groups, respectively (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, age, gender, smoking history, COPD severity, tumor size, histology and pathological stage were associated with recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analyses showed that older age, male, GOLD-2/3 COPD, and advanced stage were independent risk factors associated with recurrence-free survival.NSCLC patients with COPD are at higher risk for postoperative recurrence, and moderate/severe COPD is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. The severity of COPD based on pulmonary function test can be a useful indicator to identify patients at high risk for recurrence. Therefore, it can contribute to adequate selection of the appropriate individualized treatment.背景与目的 肺癌和慢性阻塞性肺病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD）和非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）均是呼吸系统的常见病和多发病，在世界范围内均是高发病率和高死亡率的疾病。本研究旨在探讨COPD的严重程度是否影响NSCLC切除术后的远期生存。方法 回顾性分析421例肺叶切除术的NSCLC患者资料，根据慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议（Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, GOLD）指南对COPD患者严重程度进行分级，将入组患者分为3组，比较临床病理特征和无复发生存（recurrence-free survival, RFS）的差异。结果 合并COPD者共172例，其中轻度124例，中度46例，重度2例。随着COPD严重程度增加，术后复发率增加（P<0.001）。无COPD组、轻度COPD组（GOLD-1）和中重度COPD组（GOLD-2/3）的5年无复发生存率分别为78.1%，70.4%和46.4%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。单因素分析结果显示，年龄、性别、吸烟史、COPD严重程度、肿瘤直径、组织学类型和病理分期是影响患者无复发生存的危险因素。Cox多因素回归分析结果显示，年龄、性别、中重度COPD和病理分期是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 合并中重度COPD是影响NSCLC患者术后无复发生存的独立危险因素，可结合患者术前肺功能来判断预后，更准确地预测复发风险，为高危患者制定合理的个体化治疗方案。 .
The increasing scarcity of donor lungs for transplantation has spurred significant interest in the utilization of organs procured from donors after cardiac death (DCD). However, a critical challenge remains in maximizing the number of viable lungs that meet stringent criteria for clinical use. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) emerges as a promising technology to evaluate and potentially improve the function of donated lungs. This paper describes the development of a cost-effective and reproducible small animal experimental platform specifically designed for EVLP research. This platform offers a high degree of customization, enabling researchers to tailor experimental parameters to address specific research questions within the field of EVLP. The team established a rat model to simulate DCD and implemented a two-stage preservation approach. Lungs were subjected to static cold storage using a perfusate solution at 4 °C for 4 h, followed by normothermic EVLP for another 4 h. Researchers evaluated various lung function parameters, including pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary dynamic compliance, blood gas measurements of the perfusate, and apoptotic cell death in lung tissues. The study demonstrates that EVLP could significantly improve the functional performance of DCD lungs compared to simple cold storage at 4 °C, suggesting that EVLP has the potential to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury and enhance graft function following circulatory death, thereby increasing the pool of transplantable lungs.
Mathematical predictive model is an effective method for preliminarily identifying the malignant pulmonary nodules. As the epidemiological trend of lung cancer changes, the detection rate of ground-glass-opacity (GGO) like early stage lung cancer is increasing rapidly, timely and proper clinical management can effectively improve the patients' prognosis. Our study aims to establish a novel predictive model of malignancy for non-solid pulmonary nodules, which would provide an objective evidence for invasive procedure and avoid unnecessary operation and the consequences.We retrospectively analyzed the basic demographics, serum tumor markers and imaging features of 362 cases of non-solid pulmonary nodule from January 2013 to April 2018. All nodules received biopsy or surgical resection, and got pathological diagnosis. Cases were randomly divided into two groups. The modeling group was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression to determine independent risk factors and establish the predictive model. Data of the validation group was used to validate the predictive value and make a comparison with other models.Of the 362 cases with non-solid pulmonary nodule, 313 (86.5%) cases were diagnosed as AAH/AIS, MIA or invasive adenocarcinoma, 49 cases were diagnosed as benign lesions. Age, serum tumor markers CEA and Cyfra21-1, consolidation tumor ratio value, lobulation and calcification were identified as independent risk factors. The AUC value of the ROC curve was 0.894, the predictive sensitivity and specificity were 87.6%, 69.7%, the positive and negative predictive value were 94.8%, 46.9%. The validated predictive value is significantly better than that of the VA, Brock and GMUFH models.Proved with high predictive sensitivity and positive predictive value, this novel model could help enable preliminarily screening of "high-risk" non-solid pulmonary nodules before biopsy or surgical excision, and minimize unnecessary invasive procedure. This model achieved preferable predictive value, might have great potential for clinical application.【中文题目：新型非实性肺小结节恶性概率预测模型 的构建与验证】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 数学预测模型是判断肺小结节恶性概率的有效工具。伴随肺癌流行病学趋势的改变，以非实性肺小结节为影像学表现的早期肺癌检出率逐年升高，准确鉴别并及时治疗干预可有效改善预后。本研究旨在专门针对非实性肺小结节构建新型恶性概率预测模型，为有创诊疗提供客观依据，并尽量避免不必要的侵袭性操作及其可能造成的严重后果。方法 回顾性分析自2013年1月-2018年4月，单中心经穿刺活检或手术切除获得明确病理诊断的362例非实性肺小结节病例资料，包括临床基本资料、血清肿瘤标记物和影像学特征等。病例分两组，应用建模组数据做单因素分析和二分类Logistic回归，判定独立危险因素，建立预测模型；应用验证组数据验证模型预测价值并与其他模型比较。结果 362例非实性肺小结节病例中，313例（86.5%）确诊为非典型腺瘤样增生（atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, AAH）/原位腺癌（adenocarcinoma in situ, AIS）、微浸润腺癌（minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, MIA）或浸润性腺癌，49例诊断为良性病变。年龄、血清肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原（carcino-embryonic antigen, CEA）和Cyfra21-1、肿瘤实性成分比值（consolidation tumor ratio, CTR）、分叶征和钙化被确定为独立危险因素。模型受试者工作曲线下面积为0.894。预测灵敏度为87.6%，特异度为69.7%，阳性预测94.8%，阴性预测值为46.9%。经验证模型预测价值显著优于VA、Brock和GMUFH模型。结论 本研究建立的新型非实性肺小结节恶性概率预测模型具备较高的诊断灵敏度和阳性预测值。经初步验证，其预测价值优于传统模型。未来经大样本验证后，可用作高危非实性肺小结节活检或手术切除前的初筛方法，具备临床应用价值。】 【中文关键词：肺小结节；肺肿瘤；预测模型；恶性概率】.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer. Accurate identification of lymph node (LN) involvement in patients with LUAD is crucial for prognosis and making decisions of the treatment strategy. CT imaging has been used as a tool to identify lymph node involvement. To tackle the shortage of high-quality data and improve the sensitivity of diagnosis, we propose a Cost-Sensitive Uncertainty Hypergraph Learning (CSUHL) model to identify the lymph node based on the CT images. We design a step named “Multi-Uncertainty Measurement” to measure the epistemic and the aleatoric uncertainty, respectively. Given the two types of attentional uncertainty weights, we further propose a cost-sensitive hypergraph learning to boost the sensitivity of diagnosing, targeting task-driven optimization of the clinical scenarios. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments on the real clinical dataset demonstrate our method is capable of accurately identifying the lymph node and outperforming state-of-the-art methods across the board.
Tumor recurrence is the most common cause of treatment failure, especially after complete resection of pathological stage N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics in order to identify independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence.Between January 2001 and December 2013, 96 patients who underwent surgical resection for pathological N2 NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method to explore risk factors, while the Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess independent predictors.The median and five-year RFS rates were 15 months and 27.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed a significantly poorer prognosis for non-regional N2 metastasis, more than three metastatic N2 lymph nodes, multiple N2 station, and multiple N2 zone involvement. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that non-regional N2 metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.857, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.061-3.249, P = 0.030) and more than three metastatic N2 lymph nodes (HR 2.555, 95% CI 1.164-5.606, P = 0.019) were independent risk factors for RFS. Additionally, the incidence of non-regional N2 metastasis was higher in patients with a primary tumor in the left lower (57.1%) or right lower lobe (48.1%), followed by left upper (31.8%), right middle (14.3%) and right upper lobe (7.7%).The combination of the distribution and number of metastatic N2 lymph nodes provides a more accurate prediction for N2 NSCLC regarding recurrence. Non-regional N2 metastasis could occur with a primary tumor in any lobe, but occurs more frequently in the lower lobe.
A large number of patients with pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGOs) have anxiety and depression. However, the contributing factors and effects of anxiety and depression on postoperative outcomes are still unclear.Clinical data for patients undergoing surgical resection for pulmonary GGOs were collected. We prospectively evaluated levels and risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with GGOs before surgery. The relationship between psychological disorders and postoperative morbidity was evaluated. Quality of life (QoL) was also assessed.A total of 133 patients were enrolled. Prevalence rates of preoperative anxiety and depression were 26.3% (n = 35) and 18% (n = 24), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed depression [odds ratio(OR) = 16.27, p < 0.001] and multiple GGOs (OR = 3.146, p = 0.033) to be risk factors for preoperative anxiety. Anxiety (OR = 52.166, p < 0.001), age > 60 (OR = 3.601, p = 0.036), and unemployment (OR = 8.248, p = 0.006) were identified as risk factors for preoperative depression. Preoperative anxiety and depression were associated with lower QoL and higher postoperative pain scores. Our results also revealed that the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was higher in patients with than in those without anxiety.In patients with pulmonary GGOs, comprehensive psychological assessment and appropriate management are required before surgery to improve QoL and reduce postoperative morbidity.
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