Since the establishment of a single window of international trade, the study of single window has gradually become the hotspot of scientific research.This paper focuses on the study of many references, which are classified and sorted by the main contents of the previous academic journals and graduate thesis The paper presents the development trend and characteristics of the study on the single window of international trade in mainland China, and draws up its development trend and characteristics, and finds out the insufficiency of the study of single window and puts forward the new idea and new orientation of single window research.
A novel sequence that functions as a promoter element for moderate constitutive expression of transgenes, designated as the PtMCP promoter, was isolated from the woody perennial Populus tomentosa. The PtMCP promoter was fused to the GUS reporter gene to characterize its expression pattern in different species. In stable Arabidopsis transformants, transcripts of the GUS reporter gene could be detected by RT-PCR in the root, stem, leaf, flower and silique. Further histochemical and fluorometric GUS activity assays demonstrated that the promoter could direct transgene expression in all tissues and organs, including roots, stems, rosette leaves, cauline leaves and flowers of seedlings and maturing plants. Its constitutive expression pattern was similar to that of the CaMV35S promoter, but the level of GUS activity was significantly lower than in CaMV35S promoter::GUS plants. We also characterized the promoter through transient expression in transgenic tobacco and observed similar expression patterns. Histochemical GUS staining and quantitative analysis detected GUS activity in all tissues and organs of tobacco, including roots, stems, leaves, flower buds and flowers, but GUS activity in PtMCP promoter::GUS plants was significantly lower than in CaMV35S promoter::GUS plants. Our results suggested that the PtMCP promoter from poplar is a constitutive promoter with moderate activity and that its function is presumably conserved in different species. Therefore, the PtMCP promoter may provide a practical choice to direct moderate level constitutive expression of transgenes and could be a valuable new tool in plant genetic engineering.
Clustering ensemble has been progressively popular in the ongoing years by combining several base clustering methods into a most likely better and increasingly robust one. Nonetheless, fuzzy clustering dependability (durability) has been unnoticed within the majority of the proposed clustering ensemble approach. This makes them weak against low-quality fuzzy base clusters. In spite of a few endeavors made to the clustering methods, it appears that they consider each base-clustering separately without considering its local diversity. In this paper, to compensate for the mentioned weakness a new fuzzy clustering ensemble approach has been proposed using a weighting strategy at fuzzy cluster level. Indeed, each fuzzy cluster has a contribution weight computed based on its reliability (dependability/durability). After computing fuzzy cluster dependability (reliability/durability), dependability based fuzzy cluster-wise weighted matrix (DFCWWM) is computed. As a final point, the final clustering is obtained by applying the FCM traditional clustering algorithm over DFCWWM. The time complexity of the proposed approach is linear in terms of the number of data-points. The proposed approach has been assessed on 15 various standard datasets. The experimental evaluation has indicated that the proposed method has better performance than the state-of-the-art methods.
Abstract Determining the dynamics of organic carbon in subsoil (SOC, depth of 20–100 cm) is important with respect to the global C cycle and warming mitigation. However, there is still a huge knowledge gap in the dynamics of spatiotemporal changes in SOC in this layer. We developed a new method to spatially resolve soil β values for global ecosystems (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and SOC dynamics at high resolution. We first quantified the spatial variability characteristics of these values and driving factors by analyzing 1221 soil profiles (0–1 m) of globally distributed field measurements and mapped the grid-level soil β values. Then we evaluated the SOC dynamics in different soil layers to determine the subsoil C stocks of various ecosystems. The subsoil SOC density values of cropland, grassland, and forestland were 63.8, 83.3, and 100.4 Mg ha –1 , respectively. SOC density decreased with increasing depth, ranging from 5.6 to 30.8 Mg ha –1 for cropland, 7.5 to 40.0 Mg ha –1 for grassland, and 9.6 to 47.0 Mg ha –1 for forestland. The global subsoil SOC stock was 912 Pg C, in which an average of 54% resided in the top 0–100 cm of the soil profile. Our results provide insights into subsoil dynamics and the untapped potential to enhance global SOC sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems toward climate neutralization.
For Chinese NER tasks, there is very little annotation data available. To increase the dataset, improve the accuracy of Chinese NER task, and improve the model's stability, the authors propose a method to add local adversarial training to the transfer learning model and integrate the attention mechanism. The model uses ALBERT for migration pre-training and adds perturbation factors to the output matrix of the embedding layer to constitute local adversarial training. BILSTM is used to encode the shared and private features of the task, and the attention mechanism is introduced to capture the characters that focus more on the entities. Finally, the best entity annotation is obtained by CRF. Experiments are conducted on People's Daily 2004 and Tsinghua University open-source text classification datasets. The experimental results show that compared with the SOTA model, the F1 values of the proposed method in this paper are improved by 7.32 and 7.98 in the two different datasets, respectively, proving that the accuracy of the method in this paper is improved in the Chinese domain.
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