<div>Aerospace engineering programmes typically cover airworthiness philosophies, principles, structures, processes, and procedures. The industry has recently recognized the need to enhance the graduate engineers’ skills around airworthiness. This has led to introduction of standards acting as guides for developing curricula and content for university airworthiness courses. Concept maps, a visual mapping of concepts in a hierarchical way, enjoy wide use in engineering education (teaching and assessment). Airworthiness courses are both technical and legalistic, presenting challenges to students when it comes to understanding complex and intertwined regulations. Schematic representations of concepts can foster the cognitive processes of learning. Concept maps can assess efficiently and comprehensively a multitude of airworthiness topics. This study examines the feasibility of applying concept maps in airworthiness education. Fill-in-a-map concept maps were developed as assessment tools for an airworthiness course, covering topics in aircraft type design, production organization approvals, and maintenance documentation. They were used in tests alongside multiple-choice questions. The results were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics, complemented by qualitative evaluation of the concept map results. The students gained experience in concept maps, while the multiple-choice questions were present to compensate the overall test grade. Prior exposure to concept maps can assist the students to familiarize with their structure and function. The gradual increase in the concept maps’ difficulty was consistent with the increasing complexity of the airworthiness material. When concept maps are not accompanied by lists of concept words they can be challenging to complete.</div>
(2020). Exploring the Association between Communication Satisfaction and Trust in the Aviation Maintenance Environment: An International Study. The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology: Vol. 30, No. 3-4, pp. 190-214.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) reliably prevent death due to life-threatening arrhythmias; this may become less relevant in people with more severe heart failure who are reaching the end of life (EOL). This review aimed to explore the ICD deactivation process and identify ethical issues, especially around the initiation of relevant discussions among professionals and patients. Available literature was reviewed using four electronic databases to identify issues that may deter healthcare professionals from having important deactivation discussions and to address considerations for ICD management prior to the EOL. The search resulted in the retainment of 12 studies. Three themes emerged from the data: barriers and facilitators, ethical considerations in clinical practice, and nurse's role. Lack of knowledge, which has been associated with cultural differences, has been found among the barriers, and interdisciplinary education and open communication appeared as facilitators. As clinicians' ethical considerations and fears emerged from the literature, nurses' special role has not been sufficiently supported. Complex care requires facilitation by multidisciplinary teams and education around the device's function regarding EOL issues. Establishing expert consensus statements on advance care planning might help define the distinct roles of each healthcare practitioner involved. Further research is needed in addressing the identified gaps.
Critical thinking is required for successful nursing outcomes. For evidence-based practice, there is a need to understand and apply quantitative methods of research and statistical analysis in order to obtain evidence. However, the literature shows that the use of quantitative methods among nurse researchers can be problematic. This article aims to enhance understanding and implementation of one of the most frequently used statistical tests, the independent samples t-test, with the use of a nursing practice example. Guidance for the most used statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) and graphical representations are provided.
Background: Coronavirus has placed a lot of strain on the healthcare system. As a result, major changes have occurred in the way healthcare is delivered, including pregnancy care delivery. Within the Irish healthcare system, the response to the COVID-19 pandemic has demanded frequent and ongoing adjustments to midwifery practice and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its usage have come under serious scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: To explore midwives experiences of utilising PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study utilising a purposive sampling of 10 midwives who participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews, highlighting their experiences of utilising PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data obtained was analysed using the Braun and Clarkes framework and reported in line with the consolidated criteria for qualitative research reporting (COREQ). Results: Analysed data resulted in five themes, eight subthemes and 18 codes. The themes identified represent the participants experiences and highlight the; importance of effective communication, fear and anxiety of contracting and spreading the virus, value of peer support as a coping strategy, impact of lack of resources in the midwifery practice, and education and training effectiveness. Conclusion: The introduced strict mandatory infection prevention and control measures, predominantly the wearing of PPE, took effect with concurrent increased stress and anxiety, while caring for pregnant women.
Communication and trust are fundamental factors in the operation of complex and highly regulated industries like aviation maintenance. This article reviews two preconditions of human error: communication and trust, as well as the way these are linked as aviation researchers have only recently started to study factors not individually, but rather by combining their effects. Communication is essential in the exchange of information and knowledge in aviation maintenance. The conditions that make communication effective and miscommunication avoidable are explored. Next, ways of communication, like aircraft maintenance documentation, are discussed along with appreciation of how communication is valued in aviation maintenance. Trust within different aspects of maintenance practice (interpersonal trust, trust towards technology, initial levels of trust) is presented and analysed, as well as examined as a prerequisite of effective communication. The characteristics of trust, its forms and results are identified in the literature with limited sources from the aviation bibliography, as it is a domain barely explored. Therefore, a gap has been identified in the study of trust and the exploration of the combined traits of communication and trust in aviation maintenance. Recommendations for additional research in this field are provided.
Background Correct use of personal protective equipment is vital to minimise the risk of patients acquiring healthcare-associated infections. These measures are also important in preventing exposure to occupational infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment was associated with anxiety, uncertainty and additional training requirements. This study investigated midwives’ experiences using personal protective equipment during the pandemic. Methods This systematic scoping review searched seven academic databases and grey literature. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis framework. Results A total of 16 studies were included. Four themes were found: ‘fear and anxiety’, ‘personal protective equipment/resources’, ‘education and training needs’ and ‘communication’. Conclusions Management and administration inconsistences, logistical issues and lack of training on personal protective equipment led to midwives’ negative feedback. A gap has been identified in the exploration of midwives’ experiences as personal protective equipment end-users during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Purpose This viewpoint article discusses and analyses the need and benefits of a patient safety definition within the context of nursing. Design/methodology/approach This viewpoint article is supported by literature review, statutory documents and expert knowledge evidence. All these sources provided a unified narrative of the background, current aspects and future needs of patient safety. Findings The need for strengthening patient safety and the nurses' role within healthcare's actions towards patient safety are discussed. The predominant role of nurses due to the proportionate size and significant role along with the need for clarification of patient safety in nursing terms is recognised. Research evidence of nursing areas with safety issues and relevant nursing interventions are presented. Based on all findings, a research-based nursing specific patient safety definition is proposed. This definition includes three axes: what is patient harm, how this harm can be eliminated or reduced and which are the areas of nursing practice that are identified to provide opportunity for patient harm. These axes include nursing specifications of the patient safety definition. Originality/value It is the first time that a nurse specific patient safety definition is proposed. This definition strives to enhance nurse practitioners' understanding and engagement with patient safety by clarifying aspects of patient safety within everyday nursing practice.
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