The paper gives overview of the methods for setting the vehicle movement trajectory. Results have been shown, within wider research project, of the comparative analysis of methods for setting vehicle movement trajectory, bearing in mind relevant criteria and respecting the results of proving range test drives on field. Respecting the laws of geometry of movement and behaviour of the vehicle under real traffic conditions in small radii curves, optimum shaping of steering path and defining of kinematic vehicle model was tested by using computer programme of verified reliability developed in the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the University of Zagreb.
Due to the limited field of view of the driver on the secondary road safety assessment capabilities of performing the desired action of turning and crossing at the road intersections with unfavourable angles ( 110°) becomes uncertain. Since all the intersections from the standpoint of traffic safety services must have sufficient sight distance at the road intersections with unfavourable angles it is common to perform reconstruction of the secondary road axis, so that main and secondary road axis intersects at approximately right angle.
This paper will present how sight distance tests based on measurements of the driver visual field from different types of vehicles (passenger car and heavy vehicles) were performed on the road intersections with unfavourable axis angles. Test results will show for which road intersection angles it is possible to keep the secondary road axis in the direction, without the need for reconstruction.
The current Croatian Regulation for the design of highways and rural roads is outdated, dating back to 2001. The regulation is based on outdated assumptions that no longer reflect the prevailing traffic conditions. Over the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of vehicles on Croatian roads, accompanied by a corresponding rise in vehicle dimensions and weight. This evolving traffic landscape necessitates a reassessment of the fundamental premises upon which the regulation is predicated and a consequent revision of its provisions. To address this need, a comprehensive analysis of neighbouring countries' regulations and guidelines, including Slovenia, Austria and Germany, was undertaken. This comparative analysis revealed a common approach to classifying roads based on their intended function and maximum permitted speed. Building upon this insight, a proposal for design classes of the national network is presented. Highways are divided into three classes (AC-1, AC-2, AC-3) according to their maximum permitted speed, while rural roads are categorized into five classes (CIN-1 to CIN-5) based on their intended function and maximum permitted speed. For each design class, a distinctive cross-sectional profile appearance is defined, encompassing geometric elements such as traffic lane, shoulder, and median. These proposed profile appearances are tailored to the specific requirements of each design class, ensuring that the road infrastructure aligns with the expected traffic volumes and characteristics. The potential impact of adopting design classes on the existing built network of state roads is thoroughly examined. The analysis reveals that the application of design classes can significantly enhance traffic safety without necessitating extensive reconstruction of existing road infrastructure. In conclusion, the proposed revision of the Croatian Regulation adopts a modern approach that aligns with international standards and best practices. The introduction of design classes, along with the corresponding typical cross-section profile, will contribute to a safer and more efficient road network across Croatia.
In the Croatian capital, Zagreb, there is a constant need for reconstruction of existing road infrastructure or construction of new infrastructure in accordance with current regulations and requirements due to its spatial expansion and increasing number of inhabitants and cars. The lack of uniform national guidelines and the insufficient width of corridors for the design of urban streets and intersections often lead to different and inconsistent solutions. Poorly constructed or reconstructed intersections in urban areas are becoming an increasing problem in the street network. Large cities have a complex traffic system due to the high traffic volume and different road users, so great attention should be paid to the geometric design of intersections. In this work, the existing intersection of Grad Vukovar and Donje Svetice streets in the city of Zagreb with a light rail corridor was analyzed, and two preliminary design variants for the reconstruction of the intersection were proposed to show the design problems and their solution.
Raskrižja su mjesta u cestovnoj mreži na kojima se križaju, ispreplicu, spajaju ili razdvajaju prometni tokovi. Idealna pozicija za njihov smjestaj je u pravcu, ali su zbog specificnosti lokacije cesto izgrađena u horizontalnim krivinama. Važece domace i strane smjernice i norme daju opcenite preporuke za oblikovanje raskrižja u krivinama, koje u praksi rezultiraju nestandardnim i nesigurnim rjesenjima. Navedeno upucuje na potrebu za istraživackim radom. U radu je prikazano stanje podrucja te ciljevi istraživanja vezani uz oblikovanje raskrižja u krivinama na cestama izvan naselja.
For proper rehabilitation planning and appropriate technology selection for airport pavements, information on the layer thicknesses is important. Pavement layer thickness can be determined by ground penetrating radar (GPR). GPR data is usually displayed in distance vs thickness diagrams. These two-dimensional displays do not utilise the full potential of the three-dimensional (3D) information of GPR data. To appropriately represent the data, the display should be 3D, as well. The aim of this study is to present a process for creating a 3D model and spatial representation of asphalt concrete (AC) overlay thickness. The 3D model of the AC overlay surface is generated based on the Delaunay triangulation of interpreted GPR data. The 3D model is presented on contour and band maps, whose accuracy is evaluated by comparing the thicknesses displayed by the contour maps with those measured in core samples. The calculated mean relative error of the contour map is 7.2%. The band map is used to identify sections of equal thickness or to analyse predefined sections, to select the appropriate rehabilitation technology. The combination of the interpreted GPR data and Delaunay triangulation successfully compensates for the lack of 3D GPR, in terms of the spatial representation of layer thickness.
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is mainly used in pavement engineering to determine the thickness of pavement layers. The accuracy of layer thicknesses determined from GPR data depends largely on the accuracy of the dielectric properties of the construction materials used for interpretation. Different GPR data interpretation methods that use the GPR reflected signal to estimate the dielectric properties of construction materials have been developed. The most used methods are using data from the literature, known height method, common midpoint method, wide-angle reflection and refraction method and surface reflection method. Each of these methods has its own benefits and drawbacks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of asphalt layer thickness determined by the surface reflection method and the known height method. Data collection was performed using a survey vehicle equipped with a GPR system with 1 GHz air-coupled antenna. The GPR survey was carried out in seven measurement lines and a core was extracted from the pavement in each line. Thickness data from the core was used to determine the dielectric properties of the asphalt layer and to evaluate the reliability of interpretation methods.