Rose hips are rich in various nutrients and have long been used for food and medicinal purposes. Owing to the high phenolic content, rose hips can be used as natural antioxidants. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to conduct a widely targeted metabolomics analysis on the polyphenolic components of Rosa xanthina f. spontanea in three ripening stages: unripe, half-ripe and fully ripe fruit. A total of 531 polyphenol metabolites were detected, including 220 phenolic acids, 219 flavonoids, 50 tannins and 42 lignans and coumarins. There were 160 differential metabolites between unripe and half-ripe rose hips (61 downregulated and 99 upregulated) and 157 differential metabolites between half-ripe and fully ripe rose hips (107 downregulated and 50 upregulated). The results of our study not only greatly enrich the chemical composition database of rose hips but also provide metabolomics information on the changes in polyphenolic metabolism during fruit development for the first time, which will help select the optimal harvest time of rose hips to achieve better quality.
This study aimed to conduct a systematic evaluation of the morphological characteristics, phytochemical components, antioxidant activity, and secondary metabolites of rosehips (Rosa L.) distributed in Xinjiang, China. They have significant differences in morphology and phytochemical composition and darker rosehips had higher phytochemical concentrations than light-colored rosehips. A total of 512 secondary metabolites were identified in five rosehip species using extensively targeted metabolomics, with flavonoid (179) and phenolic acid (146) as the main metabolites. Comparative analysis of metabolites among species showed that YL (R. iliensis) is a potential source of food and drug development. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in R. beggeriana (WC) and its variant YL were significantly enriched in the anthocyanin pathway. In addition, the metabolites in R. laxa var. tomurensis (TME) and R. laxa (SH1) were similar but they were significantly different from R. laxa in another floristic region (SH2). These results can expand our understanding of the bioactive components of Rosa species and provide references for improving their utilization, introduction, and breeding.
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