Abstract Air permeation trials were conducted with Z,Z and E,Z isomers of 3,13‐octadecadien‐1‐ol acetate (ODDA) to determine response difference between males of the peachtree borer (PTB), Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), and lesser peachtree borer (LPTB), S. pictipes (Grote & Robinson), within and adjacent to permeated plots of a peach orchard. The pheromone was released from hollow fiber dispensers attached to the trees in the orchard. In the pheromone‐treated plots, both E,Z and Z,Z‐ODDA significantly reduced trap captures of PTB relative to the untreated plot. The E,Z isomer also significantly reduced captures of LPTB males but captures in the Z,Z treatment were higher than in the untreated plots. The pheromone treatments also influenced trap capture of both PTB and LPTB male moths outside the permeated plots.
Improvement of resistance to insects while maintaining other desirable agronomic traits in maize ( Zea mays L.) populations has been an elusive goal for breeders. This study was conducted to evaluate crosses among II insect‐resistant breeding populations to identify paired populations for selection or extraction of inbreds. A complete diallel was evaluated for lodging, plant height, ear height, yield, ear damage by insects, and maturity in a complete‐block experiment with five replicates at two locations. Locations were combined because errors were homogeneous and the crosses × locations interaction was nonsignificant. General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant ( P ≤ 0.01) for all traits, specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant ( P ≤ 0.01) for all traits except yield and maturity, reciprocal effects were significant ( P ≤ 0.01) for all traits except yield, and maternal effects were significant ( P ≤ 0.05) for all traits except yield and damage by insects. Hybrid checks were earlier, Shorter, higher yielding, and less prone to lodging but also less resistant to insects than were population crosses. Paired crosses resistant to corn earworm ( Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and maize weevil ( Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) that performed well for other traits are available fdr selection and inbred extraction. Paired crosses with resistance to fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) were not identified. The information on GCA, SCA, reciprocal, and maternal effects will assist in identifying critical population crosses.
Rabbiteye blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei Reade), cv. Climax, mulched with fresh sawdust (pH 4.4) produced greater yield than plants treated with lime and a standard fertilizer (pH 5.1). The plants fertilized with K-N had greater yield than plants fertilized with Am-N for each of the six years. Treatments did not affect plant growth, percent marketable yield, or fruit size. However, percent marketable yield decreased linearly with harvest year. The decline in berry yield is best described as a cubic function of the harvest year.
Abstract A national survey of members of the Garden Writers Association of America (GWAA) indicated that Garden Writers tend to distribute their gardening communications within their state of residence and to a lesser extent, nationally. The most widely used media by Garden Writers were newspapers, magazines and television. The three types of plant material information that generated greatest consumer response for Garden Writers were low maintenance plants, herbaceous perennials, and new plant varieties. The type of services or information that Garden Writers valued the most were new plant releases, current pest problems in their area, and a listing of local suppliers of new plant varieties. Garden Writers maintain home gardens (97.3%) and most evaluate new plant varieties (88.1%) in their garden.
Abstract A survey was conducted of retail garden outlets in Georgia which consisted primarily of traditional garden centers, feed and seed stores, and hardware stores. Plant material, for all types of retail outlets, represented the largest portion of retail sales followed by chemicals and fertilizers. The average annual retail store sales for all products was $344K, with plant material representing $111K. The survey population represented about $47M in retail plant sales and did not include mass merchants or chain garden centers. Individual consumers (87%) were the primary customers as compared to landscapers or other types of customers. Most plant material was sourced in-state (67%) and only about 3% was produced by retailers. The primary factors identified as having a potential negative impact on plant material sales were adverse weather (26%), competition from mass merchants (23%) and a slowing economy (22%). Most garden centers are open year round (74.5%) as compared to feed and seed (7.1%) or hardware (16.7%) stores. The most common consumer complaints regarding plant quality were identified. Retailer experience with the Georgia Gold Medal new plant program suggests that these programs can create pull-through sales.
Abstract A survey of landscape architects in Georgia was conducted to help growers and landscape contractors work more closely with this group. We received 62 completed surveys for a 37% response. About 66% of the Georgia firms are located in the metro Atlanta area. We established three size classes of firms based on the 1990 wholesale value of plants specified, small (<$200 K), medium ($200–999 K), and large (≥$1 M). Comparisons are made among size classes and data are presented for each size class. Approximately 21% of the firms accounted for 67% of the plants specified in 1990. It is estimated that Georgia landscape architects specified about $85 M of plants in 1990. About 90% of the firms conduct a majority of their business in Georgia and indicated that 85% of all projects are in-state. However, 47% of the plant material specified by these firms is obtained from outside the state of Georgia. This implies that $34 M worth of plant material used in Georgia is sourced out-of-state.
Journal Article Reduction of Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Damage in Sweet Potato with Insecticides Applied by Chemigation Get access R. B. Chalfant, R. B. Chalfant University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, P.O. Box 748 Tifton, GA 31793 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Bondari, K. Bondari University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, P.O. Box 748 Tifton, GA 31793 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. R. Sumner, H. R. Sumner University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, P.O. Box 748 Tifton, GA 31793 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. R. Hall M. R. Hall University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, P.O. Box 748 Tifton, GA 31793 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 86, Issue 1, 1 February 1993, Pages 123–130, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/86.1.123 Published: 01 February 1993 Article history Received: 11 September 1991 Accepted: 01 September 1992 Published: 01 February 1993
This study involved 2 experiments. Exp. I was designed to determine the potential use of tilapia culture (Tilapia aurea) incorporated into an integrated irrigation system capable of (1) removing algae and other aquatic plants from the pond water by feeding, and (2) providing some resource recovery through growth and reproduction. Exp. II was conducted to determine the potential use of blue tilapia in urban farming. Facilities included a passive solar greenhouse attached to a renovated residential house, an indoor pond located in the greenhouse for overwintering tilapia, and an outdoor pond for the summer growth.
The influence of transplanting date and treatment thresholds for tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), on leaf quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco, Nico-tiana tabacum L., was examined in field plots during 1987-1989. Up to six insecticide applications were needed to maintain tobacco budwonn population densities of less than one per 20 plants in the early-transplanted tobacco (late March). Fewer insecticide applications were needed to maintain this pest population density in the middle- (mid-April) and late-planted (late April) tobacco. Transplanting date and tobacco budwonn treatment threshold level (I, 2, 4, or 8 budwonns per 20 plants) significantly affected tobacco quality, yield, and budworm damage. Higher damage and lower yield and quality (grade) were observed in later-planted tobacco, on which peak tobacco bud worm populations were higher but were present for fewer weeks during the season. Treatment thresholds of four or eight bud worm larvae per 20 plants and the untreated control also resulted in significantly more damage and lower yields and grade, regardless of transplanting date. Damage due to the tobacco aphid, Myws nicotianae Blackman, also was influenced by these two factors. More tobacco aphid damage was observed in late-planted tobacco and in plots treated when tobacco budworm densities were allowed to reach four or more larvae per 20 plants. Tobacco aphid damage was significantly correlated with tobacco budwonn damage. Significant linear contrasts, and in some instances quadratic contrasts, were obtained among the budworm treatment levels for yield, quality, tobacco budworm damage, and tobacco aphid damage. Significant planting date × threshold level interactions were observed. Yield and leaf quality were not significantly different for treatment thresholds of either one or two budworms per 20 plants.
