Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh

University of Eswatini

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Stanley J. Nkambule

University of Eswatini

Tesfamariam Y. Debessai

University of Eswatini

Gabriel C. Bwembya

University of Eswatini

William N. Ndlela

University of Eswatini

A.O. Fadiran

University of Eswatini

T.H. Gadaga

University of Eswatini

Joseph S. Mtshali

O.C. Okoli

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University

Dozie Felix Nwosu

Federal Polytechnic Nekede

Mgidi D. Dlamini

University of Eswatini

Cooperative Institutions

University of Eswatini

University of Zimbabwe

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University

University of East Anglia

University of California, Berkeley

Federal Polytechnic Nekede

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

University of Cape Town

University of Pretoria

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

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A Grey Water Dam Design for the Treatment and Reuse of Grey Water from Single and Multiple Households

Journal of Water Resource and Protection (2014)

Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh

An innovative design for the treatment and reuse of grey water is presented in the form of a grey water dam which is an outgrowth of the vertical grey water tower. A hydraulic equation has been formulated and is presented in this paper which is used to determine the seepage path within the grey water dam, and determine the dimensions of the dam components. The hydraulic equation model also helps in avoiding soil piping problems by keeping the phreatic line within the grey water dam. Vegetables are planted around the surface of the dam as a reuse option while helping recycling of water in the form of evapotranspiration. A successful pilot trial of this dam was run in Mnyamatsini area in Swaziland which can accept grey water from multiple households.

Phreatic

10.4236/jwarp.2014.614115

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Citations (2)

Combined Clay Adsorption-Coagulation Process for the Removal of Some Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater

American journal of environmental engineering (2018)

Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh Tesfamariam Y. Debessai Gabriel C. Bwembya Stanley J. Nkambule

Heavy metals pollutions from wastewater discharges present an increasing concern for health, eco-system and the environment due to their persistence and bio accumulation via the food chain. Heavy metals in excess concentration cause problems of toxicity and growth inhibition to living things. While the cation exchange capacity of clay with respect to heavy metal removal is well documented, a two-step clay-coagulation combined process is studied in this research in which an excess clay addition in powder form to wastewater is followed by coagulation with aluminum sulphate to further remove heavy metal by synergy with the clay adsorption and to settle the clay adsorbent through flocculation and settlement. High percentage removal of heavy metals ranging from 96-99% has been observed. The saturated adsorption is adequately modelled by Freundlich as well as Langmuir isotherm models for the excess clay range studied. The clay-coagulation combined treatment technology can also be adapted to heavy metal removal in water treatment applications in which coagulation is often used for the removal of the colloidal portion of suspended solids.

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Reply to anonymouse referee #2

Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh

1. On the claim by the refreree of our research looking lie " a research report" we dispute the claim and , as opposed to engineering reports that are commonly "procedural" we feel that our work is a

10.5194/dwes-2020-13-ac2

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Assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility of Activated Charcoal Removal of Organic Matter from Different Streams of Grey Water Through Study of Adsorption Isotherms

American Journal of Environmental Protection (2016)

Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh

The feasibility of household level treatment of grey water with activated charcoal was performed using laboratory batch adsorption testing on locally available charcoal media. The study results indicated that the potential for removal of organic matter was significantly high for the high pH cloth wash water compared to the low pH kitchen wastewater which also contained non-adsorbed organics. The addition of ash considerably improved the removal and projected life length of adsorption media for kitchen wastewater treatment. The adsorption isotherms obtained were all modeled adequately using the Freundlich isotherm while the isotherm shapes display different types of adsorption for the different streams of grey water because of the heterogeneous nature of the adsorbates in grey water. The replacement life length of activated charcoal for single drum household level treatment ranged between 7 and 15 months. For family daily flow rates up to 400 lit/day, the replacement costs of a single drum charcoal per cubic meter of grey water treated were calculated to be below the current tariff levels for acquiring water in cities in Swaziland. A considerable part of the grey water pollutant can be removed through pretreatment by sorption alone such as by filtration through sand or other cheap media before adsorption. For complete household level treatment of grey water, a three-step treatment consisting of sand pre-filtration, activated charcoal adsorption and sand post-filtration are recommended.

Charcoal

Activated Charcoal

Grey matter

10.11648/j.ajep.20160503.13

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Exploring the Potential for Concentration of Nutrients from Urine Using Solar Evaporation and Carbon Dioxide Trapping of Ammonia

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (2019)

Tesfamariam Y. Debessai Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh Gabriel C. Bwembya

Nutrients derived from urine such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium constitute valuable sources of fertilizers needed for growing plants and as alternatives to commercial fertilizers. Concentration of nutrients available from urine provides advantages of reducing the volume of transportation, the health risk and making nutrient application to soil stable and suitable. An exploratory review of a possible technology for concentration of nutrients from urine using solar power assisted evaporation and carbon dioxide trapping of evaporated ammonia is discussed in this paper as a potentially viable technology for concentrating nutrients from urine as well as another sequestration option to reduce carbon foot print in the environment.

10.3844/ajeassp.2019.482.494

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Higher Order Aitken Extrapolation with Application to Converging and Diverging Gauss-Seidel Iterations

arXiv (Cornell University) (2013)

Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh

Aitken extrapolation normally applied to convergent fixed point iteration is extended to extrapolate the solution of a divergent iteration. In addition, higher order Aitken extrapolation is introduced that enables successive decomposition of high Eigen values of the iteration matrix to enable convergence. While extrapolation of a convergent fixed point iteration using a geometric series sum is a known form of Aitken acceleration, it is shown in this paper that the same formula can be used to estimate the solution of sets of linear equations from diverging Gauss Seidel iterations. In both convergent and divergent iterations, the ratios of differences among the consecutive values of iteration eventually form a convergent or divergent series with a factor equal to the largest Eigen value of the iteration matrix. Higher order Aitken extrapolation is shown to eliminate the influence of dominant Eigen values of the iteration matrix in successive order until the iteration is determined by the lowest possible Eigen value. For the convergent part of the Gauss Seidel iteration, further acceleration is made possible by coupling of the extrapolation technique with the successive over relaxation method. Application examples from both convergent and divergent iterations have been provided. Coupling of the extrapolation with the successive over relaxation technique is also illustrated for a steady state two dimensional heat flow problem which was solved using MATLAB programming.

Gauss–Seidel method

Successive over-relaxation

Matrix (chemical analysis)

10.48550/arxiv.1310.4288

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Characterization of Sewage Sludge Generated from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Swaziland in Relation to Agricultural Uses

Resources and Environment (2014)

Joseph S. Mtshali Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh A.O. Fadiran

Sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants are being merited greater attention in light of their potential for improving soil properties and for providing important nutrient and trace element supplements that are essential for plant growth. Because of the differences in sludge characteristics among sludges that undergo different levels of treatment as well as the extensive and variable nature of pollutant inputs to wastewater, the fertilizer potential and pollutant risk of sewage sludge intended for agricultural application has to be specifically evaluated for each sludge. Sewage sludge generated from seven wastewater treatment plants in Swaziland were analysed for a range of physico-chemical characteristics including organic matter, nutrients, cation exchange capacity, pH and trace elements. Despite the differences in sludge processing and sludge storage ages, the sludge samples generally show high levels of organic matter, nutrients and trace elements needed for plant growth. The potential risk of heavy metal toxicity was evaluated by comparing the levels of heavy metals in the sludge samples with widely quoted and well known regulatory limits of a number of countries and the levels were found to be within acceptable risk level with respect to agricultural application. The research results indicate a positive outcome for the wastewater treatment plants in Swaziland that currently keep large piles of unused dried sludge within their premises.

Sewage sludge

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A simplified expression for the solution of cubic polynomial equations using function evaluation

arXiv (Cornell University) (2020)

Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh

This paper presents a simplified method of expressing the solution to cubic equations in terms of function evaluation only. The method eliminates the need to manipulate the original coefficients of the cubic polynomial and makes the solution free from such coefficients. In addition, the usual substitution needed to reduce the cubic equation is implicit in that the final solution is expressed in terms only of the function and derivative values of the given cubic polynomial at a single point. The proposed methodology simplifies the solution to cubic equations making them easy to remember and solve.

Cubic function

Expression (computer science)

10.48550/arxiv.2002.06976

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Citations (6)

Development of “Press Tap” Hand Washing Technology: Design, Construction and Operational Aspects

International Journal of Science Technology and Society (2016)

Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh

Achieving hygiene through hand washing is an important intervention in interrupting the cycle of transmission of communicable diseases. A hand washing facility named “Press Tap” has been developed and was successfully tested in different user environments. The hand washing device - which is simple and low cost - works on a foot pressing mechanism and integrates the usage of soaps using the same mechanism. This paper presents the conceptual development of the Press Tap including the governing hydraulic equations of flow that form the theoretical basis for the design of the hand washing facility. The paper also gives the construction features of the different components as well as useful operation aspects that were realized during the pilot trials of the device in different user environments.

Conceptual design

Tap water

Design cycle

Hand washing

10.11648/j.ijsts.20160403.12

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Water quality monitoring in Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo region : a research based on water resources of the Abaya-Chamo Basin - South Ethiopia

Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh

This study is based on water quality monitoring work of water resources within the Abaya-Chamo basin. The methods, method validation and analysis results have been presented and discussed. Seansonal variation and trends as well as associated water quality management issues are discussed. A water quality monitoring system based on an integrated partial physical orthogonal model has been designed based on data generated within the water resources of the Abaya-Chamo drainage basin. Abstract common factors were extracted by the application of principal component and factor analysis. By overlaying real factors with abstract common factors the underlaying causes for the water quality variations hace been explained. Surface flow factors, sub surface flow factors, leaching flow factors, effects of soil matrix, rainfall magnitude and intensity, discharge, catchment area and slope, in stream pollution and point sources of pollution, evaporative storage and precipitation chemistry all showed up in such integrated model. This model can be extended by including further physical factors as well as natural and anthropogenic pollution sources and factors. This model can be extended to lakes and ground water sources as well. Design of water quality monitoring intervals was accomplished with the help of spectral analysis. Spatial monitoring spacing for lake water quality was determined after hierarchical cluster analysis. The possibility of modelling the various water quality parameters was investigated. Auto regressive modelling fits well variables that have seasonally evened variation. Variables with short-term fluctuation were modelled with spectral level regression. State-space method was satisfactorily applied for relating the time series between two sampling points located on different rivers. Discharge-base contaminant modelling was modified to compensate for error by establishing a pattern of relationship between calculated and observed contaminant loads.

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