Takaya Yoshimoto

International University of Kagoshima

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Yohei Takai

National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya

Hiroaki Kanehisa

National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya

Masayoshi Yamamoto

University of Tsukuba

Hiroyasu Tsuchie

Toyo University

Eiji Fujita

National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya

Yoshihiro Chiba

The University of Tokyo

Norihide Sugisaki

Ferris University

Yuko Fukunaga

National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya

Kai Kobayashi

Toyo University

Hayato Ohnuma

Kobe Women's University

Cooperative Institutions

National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya

Japan Sport Council

Waseda University

The University of Tokyo

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Kansai University

Ritsumeikan University

Juntendo University

Mount Fuji Research Institute

Shibaura Institute of Technology

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Influence of maturation on anthropometry and body composition in Japanese junior high school students

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (2013)

Yuko Fukunaga Yohei Takai Takaya Yoshimoto Eiji Fujita Masayoshi Yamamoto

The purpose of this study was to examine maturity-related differences in anthropometry and body composition in Japanese youth within a single year.Two hundred and ten Japanese youth aged from 13 to 13.99 years participated in this study. Their maturity status was assessed using a self-assessment of stage of pubic hair development. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate percent body fat and lean body mass (LBM). Muscle thickness of the anterior thigh, posterior lower leg and rectus abdominis muscles were measured by ultrasound.For boys, height, body weight, and LBM in less mature groups were lower than that in more mature groups. The maturity-related differences were still significant after adjusting for chronological age. On the other hand, muscle thickness values in the lower extremity and abdomen differed among the groups at different stages of pubic hair development, whereas there was no maturity-related difference in the relative values corrected by LBM, except for those thickness values measured at the abdomen. For girls, only the muscle thickness at the anterior thigh and muscle thickness relative to LBM1/3 at the posterior lower leg was significantly affected by maturity status, but significant maturity-related difference was not found after adjusting for chronological age.At least for Japanese boys and girls aged 13 years, maturity status affected body size in boys, but not in girls, and the influence of maturation on the muscularity of the lower extremity and trunk muscles is less in both sexes.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

10.1186/1880-6805-32-5

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Relationships between 400-m hurdle performance and muscle cross-sectional area in the trunk and thigh of the take-off leg

Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport Sciences) (2020)

Takaya Yoshimoto Yoshihiro Chiba Dai TAMESUE Hayato Ohnuma Takuya Yanaka

This study was designed to clarify the relationships between the muscle cross-sectional area of the trunk and thigh and 400-m hurdle time in 12 young adult male athletes include a bronze medalist in the world championships (height 175.4 ± 6.0 cm, body mass 67.9 ± 5.8 kg, 400-m hurdle time 47.89―55.41 s). Crosssectional images from the origin to insertion of the trunk and thigh muscles were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These images were used to calculate the absolute cross-sectional areas of each muscle as indices of muscularity. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the indices and 400-m hurdle time. This analysis produced an equation (adjusted R2 = .868) with the semitendinosus (β = −0.611, P = .001), quadratus lumborum (β = −0.300, P = .044) and adductor brevis (β = −0.395, P = .014) as the explanatory variables. It was concluded that individual differences in 400-m hurdle performance can be explained by the semitendinosus, quadratus lumborum and adductor brevis.

Cross-sectional study

10.5432/jjpehss.19064

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Effects of body mass-based squat training in adolescent boys.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (2013)

Yohei Takai Yuko Fukunaga Eiji Fujita Hisashi Mori Takaya Yoshimoto

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of body mass-based squat training on body composition, muscular strength and motor fitness in adolescent boys. Ninety-four boys (13.7 ± 0.6 yrs, 1.60 ± 0.09 m, 50.2 ± 9.6 kg) participated in this study and were randomly assigned to training (n = 36) or control (n = 58) groups. The training group completed body mass-based squat exercise training (100 reps/day, 45 sessions) for 8 weeks. Body composition and muscle thickness at the thigh anterior were determined by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer and ultrasound apparatus, respectively. Maximal voluntary knee extension strength and sprint velocity were measured using static myometer and non-motorized treadmill, respectively. Jump height was calculated using flight time during jumping, which was measured by a matswitch system. The 8-wk body mass-based squat training significantly decreased percent body fat (4.2%) and significantly increased the lean body mass (2.7%), muscle thickness (3.2%) and strength of the knee extensors (16.0%), compared to control group. The vertical jump height was also significantly improved by 3.4% through the intervention. The current results indicate that body mass-based squat training for 8 weeks is a feasible and effective method for improving body composition and muscular strength of the knee extensors, and jump performance in adolescent boys. Key pointsAn 8-wk body mass-based squat exercise training decreased percent body fat in adolescent boys.The body mass-based squat exercise training increased muscle size and strength capability of the knee extensors in adolescent boys.The squat exercise training improves vertical jump height in adolescent boys.

Squat

Sprint

Vertical jump

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Body Fat Percentage

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Causes of Different Force-Velocity Relationships in Sprint Running Depending on Horizontal Loads and Profiling Methods

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (2025)

Norihide Sugisaki Hiroyasu Tsuchie Yohei Takai Kai Kobayashi Takaya Yoshimoto

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to clarify how the horizontal force-velocity ( Fv h ) relationship during over-ground sprint running differs with horizontal resistance loads and profiling methods (multiple- and single-trial methods). Methods Twelve males performed sprint running (one unresisted and five resisted) using a motorized loading device. During the trials, the ground reaction forces at every step were obtained using a 50 m force plate system. The step-averaged Fv h relationships were then determined using single- and multiple-trial methods with linear and curvilinear models. The differences in Fv h parameters between loading conditions and between profiling methods, as well as the goodness of fit of the regression models to the measured data, were examined. Results We found that Fv h plots in each loading condition almost overlapped during acceleration, whereas, the horizontal forces deviated toward a lower value around maximal velocity; the linear Fv h parameters derived using the single-trial method had a load-dependency; the linear Fv h relationship derived from the multiple-trial method had a bias toward lower force values with less negative slopes compared with the single-trial method; the curvilinear models fitted the pooled data of all loading conditions better than the linear model; and the Fv h relationship within the velocity range of unresisted sprinting was almost linear. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the reported load-dependency of Fv h parameters is mainly due to large horizontal forces at very low velocities in resisted sprinting, and the profiling method-dependency is mainly due to the attenuation of horizontal force around the maximal velocity of each loading condition. Factors of deviations from a linear Fv h relationship in horizontal force and the validity and usefulness of nonlinear models require further investigation.

Sprint

Profiling (computer programming)

10.1249/mss.0000000000003629

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Effect of maturation on muscle quality of the lower limb muscles in adolescent boys

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (2014)

Yuko Fukunaga Yohei Takai Takaya Yoshimoto Eiji Fujita Masayoshi Yamamoto

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of maturation on the muscle quality of the lower limb muscles around puberty.Subjects were 117 Japanese boys age 12 to 15 years. The maturity status was assessed by using a self-assessment of stage of pubic hair development based on the criteria of Tanner. On the basis of the criteria, subjects were divided into the prepubescent or pubescent group. Muscle thickness of knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured by a B-mode ultrasound. Muscle volume index (MV) was calculated from muscle thickness and limb length. Maximal voluntary isometric joint toques (TQ) of knee extension and ankle plantar flexion were measured using a myometer. Muscle quality was derived from dividing TQ by MV (TQ/MV).In both muscles, TQ-MV relationships were also similar between the prepubescent and pubescent groups, and there was no significant difference in TQ/MV between the two groups when chronological age was statistically adjusted.The current results indicate that, for adolescent boys, the muscle quality of the lower limb muscles is not significantly influenced by maturation.

Leg muscle

10.1186/1880-6805-33-30

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Citations (21)

Differences between junior and senior male sprinters in physiological variables associated with sprint performance

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness (2022)

Takaya Yoshimoto Yohei Takai Hiroyasu Tsuchie Yoshihiro Chiba Hiroaki Kanehisa

BACKGROUND: The physiological variables associated with sprint performance have been extensively studied. However, little information is available on how the corresponding physiological variables differ between junior and senior sprinters. This study aimed to examine this subject.METHODS: In addition to the maximal running velocity achieved while sprinting over 60-m, body composition, muscle thicknesses of the trunk and lower limbs, performance scores of four jumping tasks (countermovement, rebound, standing long, and standing five-step jumps), and 10-s maximal anaerobic pedaling power were determined in 17 junior and 22 senior male sprinters.RESULTS: In the junior and senior sprinters, most of the measured variables were significantly correlated with the maximal running velocity. Analysis of covariance showed that only the maximal pedaling power relative to the body mass was significantly different between the two groups in the regression equation slope of the relationship with maximal running velocity (0.20 for junior and 0.64 for senior sprinters). Additionally, multiple regression analysis revealed that while the standing five-step jump distance (40%) and the size of the psoas major muscle (23%) were selected as explanatory factors for maximal running velocity in the junior sprinters, maximal pedaling power relative to the body mass (63%) was selected in the senior sprinters.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the following physiological factors associated with sprint running performance differ between the junior and senior sprinters: the ability of repetitive jumping in the horizontal forward direction and muscularity of hip flexors in the junior sprinters versus the anaerobic capacity in senior sprinters. Therefore, coaches and athletes need to take into consideration that the physiological variables to be focused on are different for each generation.

Sprint

10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13378-5

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Effect of a Single Jump Practice on Vertical Jump Performance

Journal of Athletic Enhancement (2015)

Takaya Yoshimoto Yohei Takai Yoichiro Ishii

Effect of a Single Jump Practice on Vertical Jump Performance Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a single jump practice session on vertical jump height. Thirty-two physical educational students aged from 19 to 27 years participated in this study. Methods: This study consisted of a randomized, controlled, and longitudinal design. The participants were divided into two groups; the intervention group (EX, n=16) and the control group (CG, n=16). The EX group performed five vertical jumps from a platform located at their knee height. The CG group was instructed to jump five times as high as possible without a platform. Before and after the jump practice, we determined vertical jump height, vertical ground reaction ground force, and the joint angles of trunk and lower extremity. Results: After the practice sessions, vertical jump height was significantly increased in EX, but was significantly decreased in CG. In EX, the change in vertical jump height was related to changes in the hip joint and trunk inclination angles. In CG, no change was found in the kinematic data. Conclusions: A single jump practice using a platform at one’s knee high transiently improves vertical jump height, and the change is associated with changes in the kinematics of the hip joint and trunk inclination. This implies that the coach or practitioner needs to pay attention to a protocol for familiarization trials and warm up when the vertical jump test is used to assess muscular power.

Vertical jump

10.4172/2324-9080.1000196

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Measuring Muscle Activity in Sprinters Using T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (2022)

Takaya Yoshimoto Yoshihiro Chiba Hayato Ohnuma Takuya Yanaka Norihide Sugisaki

This study aimed to investigate the level of muscle activity during sprint running using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.Fourteen male sprinters (age 21.2 [4.0] y; height 171.8 [4.2] cm, weight 65.5 [5.3] kg, 100-m personal record 11.01 [0.41] s; mean [SD]) performed 3 sets of three 60-m round-trip sprints. Before and after the round-trip sprints, 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed to obtain the T2 values of the 14 athletes' lower-extremity muscles.After the 60-m round-trip sprints, the T2 value of the gluteus maximus, long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis increased significantly. The rate of change in the T2 values before and after the 60-m round-trip sprints was notably higher in the semitendinosus and gluteus maximus than in the other muscles.These findings demonstrate the specific physiological metabolism of the lower-extremity muscles during fast sprinting. There are particularly high levels of muscle activity in the gluteus maximus and semitendinosus during sprint performance.

Sprint

Leg muscle

10.1123/ijspp.2021-0327

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Citations (2)

Anthropometric characteristics are a non-negligible factor even in world's elite 100-m sprinters

Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche (2022)

Hayato Ohnuma Takaya Yoshimoto Kaito IWAYAMA Ryo Yamanaka Toshiyuki Ohya

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have simply shown correlation relationships between spatiotemporal variables and anthropometric characteristics. In case targeted only elite sprinter, there is a possibility that the relationship may differ from previous study. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and spatiotemporal variables, and to assess the relative influence of determinant anthropometric characteristics on spatiotemporal variables in world-class sprinters.METHODS: Study participants were 64 of 117 world-class sprinters who had a personal record of less than 9.99 seconds in a 100-m sprint. Correlations between the anthropometric characteristics and spatiotemporal variables were analyzed, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the ability of determinant anthropometric characteristics to predict spatiotemporal variables.RESULTS: Average step length was significantly positively correlated with height and weight, and average step frequency was significantly negatively correlated with height and weight. There were no significant correlations between spatiotemporal variables and BMI. Multiple linear regression revealed that both height and weight were significant predictors of step length, and height was the only significant predictor of step frequency. The coefficients of determination (R2) for step length and step frequency were 0.423 and 0.354, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that anthropometric characteristics such as height and weight are major determinants of step frequency and length even in world-class sprinters.

Sprint

10.23736/s0393-3660.21.04682-9

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Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to body mass-based squat exercise in young men

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (2017)

Miki Haramura Yohei Takai Takaya Yoshimoto Masayoshi Yamamoto Hiroaki Kanehisa

The purpose of this study was to quantify cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to body mass-based squat exercise, with specific emphasis on the relationships with the exercise duration. Fifteen healthy young men performed body mass-based squat exercise as well as an incremental loaded bicycle test, which determine maximal oxygen uptake and maximal heart rate, with an interval of 2 days between the tests. During both tasks, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration (BLa), and heart rate (HR) were determined. Oxygen uptake in both tasks was divided by body mass (VO2). VO2 in the squat task was normalized to VO2 in the incremental test (%VO2max). In addition, electromyograms (EMGs) were also recorded from the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus. Cardiorespiratory parameters and BLa did not change after 5 min from the exercise onset. The %VO2max and BLa during body mass-based squat exercise were significantly related to maximal VO2 obtained by the incremental test. Metabolic equivalents reached 6.5 when the squat exercise was continuously performed for 5 min. These findings indicate that (1) the squat exercise adopted here is of moderate intensity and predominantly uses aerobic energy supply after 5 min from the start of the exercise and (2) relative intensity during the exercise depends on an individual’s maximal aerobic power.

Squat

Vastus medialis

Aerobic Exercise

Oxygen pulse

Exercise intensity

10.1186/s40101-017-0127-9

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Citations (8)