Objective To investigate the effects of the Nimodiping on the plasma neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and the prognosis in the patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods 85 patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral cerebral hemorrhage were divided randomly into control group and Nimodipine treatment group with plasma NSE levels, hematoma volume, clinical neurological states and general living ability observed dynamically. Results There was no significant difference of plasma NSE levels between the treatment group and the control group at each point of time, also of clinical neurological state and general living ability between them on the 14 th day. The prognosis of neurological state in thetreatment group was betterthanthatinthecontrolgroupon 30th, 90th day after the symptom onset Conclusion Nimodipine may be useful to improve the prognosis after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Plasma NSE level is not helpful to evaluate the theraputic efficacy of drugs in the patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.
To investigate the predictive role of the neutrophil-platelet ratio (NPR) before intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) on hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). AIS patients treated with IVT without endovascular therapy between June 2019 and February 2023 were included. Patients were divided into high NPR (>35) and low NPR (≤35) groups according to the optimal threshold NPR value for identifying high-risk patients before IVT. The baseline data and the incidence of HT and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) were compared between the two groups. The predictive role of the NPR and other related factors on HT after IVT was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. A total of 247 patients were included, with an average age of 67.5 ± 12.4 years. Post-thrombolytic HT was observed in 18.6% of the patients, and post-thrombolytic sICH was observed in 1.2% of the patients. There were 69 patients in the high NPR group and 178 patients in the low NPR group. The incidence of HT in the high NPR group was significantly higher than that in the low NPR group (30.4% vs 16.3%, P < .05). The incidence of sICH was significantly higher in the high NPR group than in the low NPR group (14.5% vs 1.7%, P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NPR > 35 was positively correlated with HT (odds ratio (OR) = 3.236, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.481-7.068, P = .003) and sICH (OR = 13.644, 95% CI: 2.392-77.833, P = .003). A high NPR (>35) before IVT may be a predictor of HT in AIS patients. This finding may help clinicians make clinical decisions before IVT in AIS patients.
Objective: Previous studies have shown that the neuron-specific- enolase (NSE), S100B protein (S100B) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) are specific markers for studying cerebral injury. This study was aimed to demonstrate these biomarkers for their correlation with reperfusion after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods: In this study, a total of 44 patients who were diagnosed unilateral carotid artery stenosis by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and underwent CAS, were selected as the operation groups. The patients' blood samples were collected at three different time points: T1, prior to operation; T2, next morning after operation (24 hours); T3, three days after operation (72 hours); All of the patients with the operation received computed tomography perfusion (CTP) at T1 and T3. The second group of 12 patients, who were excluded for carotid artery stenosis by DSA, were assigned to be the control group; Blood samples of these patients were collected at T1. The concentrations of NSE, S100B and MMP9 in serum from patients of both groups were detected by ELISA. Results: All of the operations were implanted in stents successfully without complications. (1) After CAS, rCBF increased while rMTT and rTTP decreased. (2) The concentrations of NSE, S100B and MMP9 in the serum decreased gradually (T1>T2>T3). There was no significant difference between the control group and the operation group at T1 (P>0.05) on their concentrations of NSE, S100B and MMP9 in the serum. When compared among the operation groups, the concentrations of NSE, S100B and MMP9 in the serum at T1 and T3 showed significant difference (P < 0.05). (3) Correlation analysis among the operation groups indicated that NSE, S100B, MMP9 and rCBF were positively correlated before operation (r = 0.69, 0.58 and 0.72, respectively, P < 0.05), as well as after operation (r = 0.75, 0.65 and 0.60, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that the concentrations of NSE, S100B and MMP9 in serum decreased with the improvement of cerebral reperfusion after CAS. NSE, S100B and MMP9 can be used as laboratory biochemical markers to evaluate the improvement of reperfusion after CAS. The results very well complement the imaging methods, such as CTP.
Anticancer drug delivery encounters many biological barriers, including mucosal barriers, nonspecific uptake and intracellular drug resistance. Consequently, efficient delivery of therapeutic agents with nanocarriers to the target cell and controlled intracellular release of encapsulated drugs are key to achieving high therapeutic efficiency. In this study, we develop a tumor microenvironment-sensitive polymer micelle system from a pH- and glutathione (GSH) dual-responsive copolymer with each repeating unit containing a disulfide bond. To prevent premature drug release within the blood circulation, the core region was chemically crosslinked via UV light irradiation. In tumor cells, the micelles are able to escape from the acidic lysosome into the cytoplasm via a prompt expansion due to the "proton sponge effect". Subsequently, ultra-sensitive redox responsiveness is realized since the abundant disulfide bonds of the micellar matrix can be cleaved by a high level of GSH, leading to a rapid intracellular release of encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) and PLK1-specific shRNA. The antitumor activity in U87 glioma tumor-bearing mice reveals that this novel system possesses a high therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors with negligible side effects on normal tissues. Therefore, this micellar nanoplatform has great potential in delivering drugs for enhanced glioma therapy.
Objective To study the cell toxicity of thrombin in astrocytes in vitro and the protective effect of hirudo extract liquid (HEL) on the injured astrocytes. Methods Astrocytes were isolated from Wistar rats' cerebral cortex and cultured in vitro, and observed under a phase contrast microscope for growth status. Cell activity was measured with MTT assay. The survival of astrocytes was investigated after exposed to a selected concentration of thrombin ranging from 0.1 to 100 U/mL or to HEL ranging from 0.25 to 4 mg/μL by observing cell morphology under an inverted phase-contrast microscope and measuring the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (a marker of cell death) in cell supernatant. Expressions of HSP70 and TGFβ-1 protein in astrocytes were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Thrombin (1-100 U/mL) had toxicity on astrocytes in vitro in a dose-dependent manner (F=118.65, P=0.000). (2) HEL (0.25-4 mg/μL) could significantly reduce the cell toxicity of 10 U/mL thrombin in astrocytes (F=156.08, P=0.000). With the increasing concentration of HEL, the protection of HEL was accordingly enhanced, and it even increased the expressions of HSP70and TGFβ-1. Conclusions HEL could accelerate the proliferation of astrocytes, enhance the expressions of HSP70 and TGFβ-1 protein, so as to significantly depress the cell toxicity of thrombin to astrocytes.
Key words:
Hirudo extract liquid; Thrombin; Astrocyte; HSP70; TGFβ-1
C1q tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein 9 (CTRP9) is a novel member of the C1q/TNF superfamily. According to our previous review, CTRP9 plays a vital role in the process of cardiovascular diseases, including regulating energy metabolism, modulating vasomotion, protecting endothelial cells, inhibiting platelet activation, inhibiting pathological vascular remodeling, stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, and protecting the heart. We proposed that CTRP9 could play multiple positive and beneficial roles in vascular lesions in ischemic stroke (IS). Here, we aimed to study the relationship between serum CTRP9 and the etiology, severity, and prognosis of IS patients.A total of 302 patients with IS and 173 non-stroke controls were selected from the same hospital, and all patients with IS were followed up 12 months after stroke onset. Stroke etiology was classified according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification. Symptomatic severity was determined using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. The lesion volume of acute cerebral ischemia was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The unfavorable functional outcome was a combination of death or major disability 12 months after stroke onset. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) statistics were applied in the statistical analysis.We found that serum CTRP9 levels and the ratios of CTRP9/total cholesterol (TC), CTRP9/triglyceride (TG), CTRP9/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and CTRP9/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with the presence of IS. Moreover, the serum CTRP9 concentration was positively associated with the severity of IS. Incorporation of CTRP9/LDL-C levels into a fully adjusted model for IS-cardioembolic (CE) improved discrimination and calibration, and significantly improved reclassification. In addition, CTRP9 was a predictor of unfavorable functional outcomes.All the findings indicated that serum CTRP9 could be a promising blood-derived biomarker for the early evaluation and prognosis assessment of IS.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800020330.
Abstract Background Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare disease characterized by reversible subcortical vasogenic brain edema. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a frequent neurological autoimmune disease that is rarely reported to complicate PRES. Case presentation Here, we report a case of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) concurrent with PRES. A 50-year-old woman presented with severe impairment of her health visual acuity, with significantly worsening of the motor weakness in both lower limbs during methylprednisolone therapy after her diagnosis of NMO. MRI showed new-onset brain edematous lesions of the bilateral frontal, occipital, and parietal lobes. PRES was considered. Her vision impairment and weakness of the extremities were alleviated after antihypertensive treatment and dehydration. The edema lesions detected by MRI also completely disappeared. Conclusions We reviewed 14 cases of NMO with PRES and concluded that the etiology of NMOSD concurrent PRES may be multifactorial, involving pathogenic IgGs against aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and immunotherapy treatment. Different underlying pathogeneses require different treatment approaches.
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Abundant evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies has proven that diabetes mellitus (DM) is correlated with an increased incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin resistance is considered to play an important role in the associations between DM and dementia. However, whether insulin sensitizer drugs are effective in preventing dementia still remains unclear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Electronic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the ISI Web of Science were conducted to identify studies that reported about the associations between insulin sensitizers and the incidence of dementia. The included studies were reviewed, and a meta-analysis was performed using STATA to determine the combined relative risk (RR) for the incidence of dementia when using insulin sensitizers. Subgroup analysis and meta regression were also conducted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, nine comparisons out of six studies were qualified for inclusion, and data from 544,093 participants were evaluated. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a combined RR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.64-0.95, p = 0.015) for the incidence of dementia when using insulin sensitizers. The incidence rate of dementia was reduced with either metformin (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-1.01, p = 0.064) or thiazolidinediones (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56-1.00, p = 0.050), both with a marginal trend toward significance. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results indicate that insulin sensitizer drugs might provide protection against incident dementia. Controlled studies with large samples should be conducted to further confirm these conclusions and provide information for clinical strategies.
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
