The authors report on five cases of massive atonic uterine haemorrhage which could be influenced neither by repeated application of oxytocin nor by methylergometrin. Intramyometrial application of PGF2 alpha succeeded in inducing a satisfactory uterine tone and stopping the haemorrhage. With regard to own experiences and data from only few publications dealing with the use of prostaglandin in atonic haemorrhage, the authors consider transvaginal intramyometrial application of PGF2 alpha to be an effective method to circumvent an emergency hysterectomy. However, this should occur sufficiently early and in a dose of not less than 1 mg.
A recent development in the theory of wavelets is wavelet system characterization [R. K. Young, WaveletTheoryanditsApplications (Kluwer, Boston, 1993)]. In wavelet system theory, the wavelet transform can be used to describe the time-frequency behavior of a transmission channel, by virtue of its ability to describe the time-frequency content of the system’s input and output signals. The present research proposes a wavelet-system model of speech production; wherein, the system is the process of transformation from one speechstate to another. The transmission channel generates an effected utterance from a control utterance. A speech production effect (such as voice quality, or the influence of the speaker) is thereby characterized in a time-frequency manner. The effect of CVC coarticulation is investigated in particular, using samples of real speech. In this case, an isolated vowel utterance (the control) is contrasted with an utterance of the same vowel imbedded within a /C–C/ context (the effected). The channel thus describes (in terms of wavelets) the CVC coarticulation. [Work supported by Appl. Res. Lab.]
Vocal qualities such as twang and sob are produced when the speaker manipulates the pharyngeal and laryngeal regions of the throat. The laryngeal manipulations involve adjustments to the larynx with respect to mode of vibration and position in the throat. The epilaryngeal and pharyngeal regions of the vocal tract are then constricted or expanded to obtain the appropriate quality. In this study an attempt is made to simulate these qualities by analyzing a subject attempting a normal to affected-quality transformation. A videolaryngoscopic examination and LPC analysis of steady-state vowels was used to parametrize the changes occurring in the articulation. These changes were assumed to apply to sentence level speech. A glottal-pulse driven linear prediction model was then used to modify sentence level speech. The results suggest that appropriate adjustments in formant locations (via rotations in the pole-zero domain) can evoke the twang and sob qualities. [Work supported by NIH Grant DCO2532-01.]
