P. M. Torgun

Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great

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A. G. Ul'yanov

Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great

NТ

N. Т. Alexeeva

Voronezh State Medical Academy named after N.N. Burdenko

I. A. Ul'yanov

Voronezh State Medical Academy named after N.N. Burdenko

СВ

С. В. Клочкова

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

D. B. Nikityuk

Sechenov University

ДА

Д. А. Соколов

Voronezh State Medical Academy named after N.N. Burdenko

A.I. Boltnev

E.A. Boltnev

D. B. Nikityuk

Sechenov University

A. G. Kvaratskheliya

Voronezh State Medical Academy named after N.N. Burdenko

Cooperative Institutions

Voronezh State Medical Academy named after N.N. Burdenko

Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great

Sechenov University

Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology

Russian Academy of Sciences

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine

Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after Skryabin

Research Centre for Medical Genetics

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Restorative Processes in the Thyroid Gland of Russian Long-Haired Rams in Postnatal Ontogenesis

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology (2021)

A. G. Ul'yanov Н. А. Слесаренко Н. Т. Алексеева P. M. Torgun A. G. Kvaratskheliiya

The aimof this study is to study the recovery processes in the thyroid gland of Russian long-haired sheep in postnatal ontogenesis. Material and methods. The material for the study was 77 rams of the Russian long-haired breed of various ages. Fragments of the thyroid gland were fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin, in liquids of Shtive and Buena. Thin paraffin sections with a thickness of 4–5 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan according to Heydenhein, and the PAS-reaction was applied. The average area of all follicles in the field of view was determined at a magnification of ×80 (ob. 10; oc. 8) using G.G. Autandilov ocular grid (50 fields of viewfor each animal). Based on the obtained absolute values of the area of the follicles and the interfollicular epithelium (mm 2 ), the relative value (%) of the area of the follicles and the interfollicular epithelium was determined. Using a screw eyepiece micrometer, the diameter of the nuclei of thyrocytes in the follicles and thyrocytes of the interfollicular epithelium was measured. The area of the nuclei was determined by the diameter of the nuclei. The mitotic index (MI) in ‰ was calculated . The number of dividing cells per thousand thyrocytes was calculated. At least 20,000 cells were counted for each animal. Results.It was found that in rams aged 15 days, the area of interfollicular epithelium was 86.5%, microfollicles occupied an area of 13.5%. Dividing cells were common, with the MI of follicular and interfollicular thyrocytes being 0.19‰. In rams at the age of 2 months, the number of small follicles increased, the areaof which was 19.7%. MI in follicles increased to 0.21‰, in interfollicular epithelium it decreased to 0.16‰. In rams at the age of 4 months, the area of follicles almost doubled, the area of interfollicular epithelium decreased by 16.1%. In rams aged 2–3 years, the area of interfollicular epithelium decreased, while MI decreased and was 0.13‰ in 3-year-old animals. In rams at the age of 4 and 5 years, there was a decrease in the functional activity of thefollicles. MI in large follicles was higher than in small follicles (0.12–0.13‰ versus 0.09‰).

10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-2-43-48

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SPERMATOGENESIS EFFICACY AS THE RATE OF REPRODUCTION PROPERTIES IN RAMS

BULLETIN OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY (2019)

V. I. Kotarev A. G. Ul'yanov P. M. Torgun

10.17238/issn2541-8203.2019.3.117

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Karyometric and electron microscopic studies of dark and light cells of the adrenal cortex in mammals

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology (2018)

A. G. Ul'yanov P. M. Torgun

The purpose of this study is a comparative study of dark and light cells of cortical parenchyma of the adrenal glands in mammals using light and electron microscopy. Material and methods. Cariometric and electron microscopic studies of the adrenal glands of 9 mammalian species have been carried out: Vulpes vulpes (fox), Vulpes lagopus (arctic fox), Canis familiaris (dog), Мartes zibellina (sable), Mustela vison (mink), Enhydra lutris (sea ape); Castor fiber (river beaver); Callorhinus ursinus (fur seal); Ovis aries (sheep). Serial paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, iron hematoxylin, Heidenheim azan, the PAS-reaction was used, the color of the trichrome-PAS and the tetrachromium-PAS. RNA was detected by the reaction of Brashe and gallocyanin by Einarsson. For the detection of lipids, frozen sections were stained with Sudan III + IV, Black Sudan. The number of dark and light cells in the cortex of the adrenal mink in different seasons was determined. On electron micrographs, the amount of lipid droplets and mitochondria in the fascicle of the adrenal cortex was counted. Results. In the cortex of the adrenal glands of mammals, dark and light cells are present. Dark cells, as far as accumulation of sudanophilic substances are converted into light cells, which with further accumulation of lipids undergo destructive changes. Also found are the dark dying cells of the adrenal cortex, characterized by densification of the cytoplasm, pycnosis of nuclei, accumulation of yellow-brown pigment. Dark cells have larger nuclei, give more intense reaction to RNA and ketosteroids and are more active secretory cells compared to light adrenocorticocytes. Electron microscopy in dark cells reveals a large number of mitochondria and a significant amount of lipid droplets are present. Light cells contain many lipid inclusions and few mitochondria.

10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-3-61-67

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Morphofunctional changes of the testes in otters in post-natal ontogenesis

Trudy VNIRO (2019)

E.A. Boltnev P. M. Torgun A.I. Boltnev

P <0,001 (t-критерий Стьюдента).** P >0

10.36038/2307-3497-2019-178-77-83

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Recovery Processes in the Adrenal Glands of Minks

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology (2019)

P. M. Torgun D. B. Nikityuk С. В. Клочкова N. Т. Alexeeva A. G. Kvaratskheliya

The aim of the present research is to study the cyclic changes in secretory, destructive and proliferative processes in the adrenal gland cortex of minks. Material and methods . The material is collected between December and April at a monthly interval. The fragments of adrenal glands were fixed in Shtiva, Buen, Zenker fluids and in 10% neutral formalin solutions. PAS-reaction, trichrome-PAS and tetrachrome-PAS staining were applied. RNA was revealed by Brachet’s reaction and by gallocyanine according to Einarson. The material fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution was used to study lipids. Results . Cyclic changes of morphofunctional indices of minks’ adrenal cortex have been studied. In December, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate and zona reticularis were clearly manifested. In zona glomerulosa polygonal cells with moderately vacuolated cytoplasm are present. In zona fasciculate there are cells which do not differ from the cells of zona glomerulosa. In January, a decrease in the functional activity of the cortical parenchyma and the development of extensive destructive changes of glandular cells in all zones of the cortical substance of the adrenal cortex were found. In February, extensive proliferative processes and increased secretory activity of the adrenal cortex were observed. Small cells of proliferation centers migrate to zona fasciculate and begin function actively. In March, the recovery processes in the adrenal cortex are finished.

Zona reticularis

Zona fasciculata

Zona

Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase

Parenchyma

10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-4-37-41

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Age Dependency of Spermatogenesis Efficiency in Cats

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology (2020)

P. M. Torgun D. B. Nikityuk С. В. Клочкова N. Т. Alexeeva A. G. Kvaratskheliya

The purpose of this study is to study the efficiency of spermatogenesis in old and young cats in various seasons of the year Material and methods. The material has been collected from 16 cats of different ages in winter and summer periods in Voronezh veterinary clinics while animals being sterilized. The testicles were fixed in Shtiva’s liquid and Buen’s liquid. The material was poured into paraffin and a series of paraffin sections 4–5 μm thick were prepared. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, iron hematoxylin, Heidengain azane, trichrome-PAS reaction and tetrachrome-PAS reaction. By means of a helical eyepiece-micrometer, the diameter of the testicles tubules and the epididymis (50 measurements for each animal) were measured. To determine the effectiveness of spermatogenesis at an increase in 900 times, the number of first-order spermatocytes in the zigotene and pachitene stage, early spermatid (50 canals for each animal) was estimated. The normality of the distribution was determined using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and the Lilliefors adjustment. The measurement results were processed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-criteria. Changes at Р<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The maximum diameter of the testicular tubules and the canal of the epididymis was found in animals at two years of age. These parameters in cats at the age of 8 years are reduced by 29.2%, and by17.0%, respectively. Comparing the number of dying cells in old and young animals, it can be noted that in cats at the age of 8 years the number of dying spermatids increases, while spermatogenesis efficiency decrease is statistically significant (by 19.1%).

10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-1-64-68

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Cytokariometric and electron microscopic studies of thyrotropic and gonadotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of northern fur seals in postnatal ontogenesis

Trudy VNIRO (2019)

P. M. Torgun A.I. Boltnev A. G. Ul'yanov З. А. Воронцова E.A. Boltnev

Цитокариометрические и электронномикроскопические исследования тиротропных и гонадотропных клеток в аденогипофизе северных морских котиков в постнатальном онтогенезе П. М. Торгун 1 , А. И. Болтнев 2 , А. Г. Ульянов 1 , З. А. Воронцова 3 , Е. А. Болтнев 2 1 Государственный аграрный университет имени императора Петра I (ФГБОУ ВО «ВГАУ»), г.Воронеж 2 Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии (ФГБНУ «ВНИРО»), г.Москва 3 Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н. Н. Бурденко (ФГБОУ ВО «ВГМУ»), г

10.36038/2307-3497-2019-177-48-57

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Comparative microscopic and electron microscopic study of somatotropic pituitary cells in two rare mammalian species

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology (2022)

P. M. Torgun I. A. Ul'yanov N. Т. Alexeeva С. В. Клочкова D. B. Nikityuk

The aim of this study was to find out the microscopic and ultrastructural features of somatotropic endocrinocytes in two rare mammalian species in postnatal ontogenesis. Material and methods. We used material from river beavers (Castor fiber L.) and sea otters (sea beaver, Enhydra lutris), listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The collection of material was carried out in the Voronezh Reserve and on the rookeries of marine mammals on the Commander Islands (Bering Island, Medny Island). To fix the material, Shteve, Bouin, and Zenker liquids were used. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, aldehyde fuchsin according to Helmi–Dyban. The linear dimensions of cell structures were measured, the cross-sectional area of cells and their nuclei was calculated, and the nuclear cytoplasmic index was calculated. The numerical density of somatotropic endocrinocytes in the field of view was determined. For electron microscopy, pituitary specimens were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmium fixative. Sections were prepared on BS-490 and LKB-4800 ultramicrotomes. Sections were counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and studied under a Tesla BS-500 electron microscope. Results. In river beavers and sea otters at the age of 6 months, compared with newborn animals, the number of somatotropic cells in the center of the pituitary gland increases by 3.46 (p<0.05) and 3.32 times (p<0.05), respectively, and in the lateral zones – 2.61 times (p<0.05) and 3.39 times (p<0.05); cell cytoplasm area – 1.96 times (p<0.05) and 1.85 times (p<0.05); the area of the nuclei – 1.48 times (p<0.05) and 1.30 times (p<0.05). In river beavers and sea otters at the age of one year, compared with six-month-old animals, an increase in the number of somatotropic cells in the center of the pituitary gland by 1.27 times (p<0.05) and 1.33 times (p<0.05) was revealed; and in the lateral zones by 1.08 times (p<0.05) and 1.02 times (p>0.05); and area of the cytoplasm of cells, respectively – 1.29 times (p<0.05) and. 1.25 times (p<0.05). The maximum indicators of secretory activity of somatotropic cells were found in river beavers and sea otters at the age of 1 year.

Chromophobe cell

Uranyl acetate

10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-1-59-65

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Morphofunctional changes in the thyroid gland and pituitary tyrotropes in rams of the Russian long-haired breed in different seasons of the year

BIO Web of Conferences (2021)

A. G. Ul'yanov Natalia Anatolyevna Slesarenko P. M. Torgun

In mature rams, the signs of high functional activity of the thyroid gland are observed in the autumn period. An increase in the diameter of the thyroid follicles (109.1±0.58 microns) is marked, the height of the epithelium (9.6±0.11 microns) and the area of the thyrocyte nuclei (32.8±0.38 μm2) increase statistically significant (P<0.001). In the pituitary gland of rams in the autumn period, there is an increase in the number of tyrotropes. The cytoplasm of tyrotropes is filled with secretory granules, which reflects the high level of their functional activity.

Endocrine gland

10.1051/bioconf/20213700182

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Recovery Processes in the Adrenal Glands of Dogs

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology (2019)

P. M. Torgun D. B. Nikityuk С. В. Клочкова A. G. Ul'yanov N. Т. Alexeeva

The aim of this research was a comparative study of cyclic changes in secretory, destructive and proliferative processes in the adrenal cortex in dogs. Material and methods . Cyclic changes of morphofunctional indices of adrenal cortex in dogs (Canis familiaris) were studied. Healthy mature males were used. The material was collected in the period from December to April with a monthly interval. For light microscopy the fragments of the adrenal glands were fixed in Steve, Bouin and Zenker liquids, 10% neutral formalin solution. PAS-reaction was used. RNA was detected by the Brachet reaction and gallocyanine according to Einarsson. The material fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin was used to study lipids. Results. In January, in the adrenal cortex clearly expressed glomerular, fasciculate and reticulae zones. In the glomerular zone elongated cells with oval nuclei are situated, in the fascicular - polygonal cells with rounded nuclei. In February, a decrease in the functional activity of the cortical parenchyma and the development of extensive destructive changes in glandular cells, especially in the glomerular zone, were found in the adrenal cortex. In March, the development of recovery processes and increased secretory activity of the adrenal cortex were noted. Proliferative processes are accompanied by loosening of the capsule, the formation of connective tissue strands going into the fascicular zone. Among the fibers of connective tissue fibroblasts, fibrocytes and small poorly differentiated cells with rounded nuclei are disposed. These cells are converted into elongated cells of the glomerular zone and polygonal cells of the fascicular zone.

Parenchyma

Fibrocyte

Capsule

10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-2-70-76

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