J. D. Briers

Kingston University

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Adolf F. Fercher

University of Vienna

Glenn J. Richards

Kingston University

Leo H. J. F. Beckmann

University of Twente

Paul R. Yoder

Heinz Optical Engineering (United States)

S. M. Webster

Kingston University

Xiao-Wei He

Kingston University

Hanyi Hu

Zhejiang University

N. E. Flower

Hutt Hospital

Rod Baker

Vision Australia

Lucy Mitchell

Canberra Hospital

Cooperative Institutions

Kingston University

University of Duisburg-Essen

Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

Center for Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences

University of Glasgow

University of Aberdeen

National University of Ireland

Compact Imaging (United States)

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland

Sheffield Hallam University

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<title>Time-varying laser speckle for measuring motion and flow</title>

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2001)

J. D. Briers

Laser speckle is a high-contrast, random interference pattern seen when coherent (laser) light is scattered from a diffuse object. If instead of being solid, the illuminated object consists of individual moving scatterers (such as particles in a fluid), the speckle pattern fluctuates randomly. These intensity fluctuations contain information about the velocity distribution of the scatterers. After a brief introduction to laser speckle and its statistics, this paper reviews the possibilities of analyzing speckle fluctuations to obtain information about the velocity of moving scatterers. The account stresses the close connection between time-varying speckle and the Doppler- based techniques of photon correlation spectroscopy and laser Doppler velocimetry. One particular speckle technique, laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA), is treated in some detail. The final part of the paper is a review of some biomedical applications of time-varying speckle.

Speckle noise

Speckle imaging

Velocimetry

10.1117/12.427758

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Citations (16)

Laser speckle techniques in biology and medicine

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (1994)

J. D. Briers

Laser speckle, originally regarded as a nuisance because of the image degradation it caused when laser light was used, has now found a number of uses. Many of these can be applied to biomedical systems. This review paper describes six such techniques and some of the ways they have been used in biomedical research.

Speckle noise

Laser light

10.1117/12.167401

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Citations (9)

<title>Time-integrated speckle for the examination of movement in biological systems</title>

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (1994)

S. M. Webster J. D. Briers

Most current systems for the investigation of biological motion are pointwise rather than full field techniques. The aim of this research is to achieve a full field semi-quantitative measure of motion. Systems being looked at range from linearly moving mechanical objects to movement within biological systems. The methods described can be used to detect in-plane and out-of-plane motion, and are based on the first order spatial statistics of time-integrated speckle patterns, especially speckle contrast. In addition to a photographic investigation of time integrated speckle, a digital processing technique has been developed. This computational technique is designed to produce a contrast map relating to the motion in the target field, with the advantage of working in quasi-real time. A digital method of simulating both partially and fully developed speckle patterns has also been studied.

Pointwise

Speckle noise

10.1117/12.176587

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Citations (8)

Self-compensation of errors in a lateral shearing interferometer

Optics Communications (1971)

J. D. Briers

Shearing interferometer

Shearing (physics)

10.1016/0030-4018(71)90133-7

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Speckle Fluctuations as a Screening Test in the Holographic Measurement of Plant Motion and Growth

Journal of Experimental Botany (1978)

J. D. Briers

Experiments show that there is a correlation between the degree of speckle fluctuation observed when a botanical specimen is illuminated with laser light and the degree of difficulty experienced when the specimen is used as a subject for holographic interferometry. This correlation suggests the use of speckle fluctuations as a screening test in assessing the suitability of specimens for holographic measurement of growth or motion.

Speckle imaging

Holographic interferometry

10.1093/jxb/29.2.395

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Citations (16)

Retinal blood-flow visualization by means of laser speckle photography.

PubMed (1982)

J. D. Briers Adolf F. Fercher

We present the preliminary findings of an investigation into the visualization of retinal blood-flow distribution by means of single-exposure laser-speckle photography. The technique relies on the speckle effect produced when laser light is scattered at a diffusing surface and on the fact that the speckle will be averaged out to some extent when the surface concerned is moving. Spatial filtering techniques are used enhance the resulting variations in speckle contrast. The method is noncontacting and noninvasive, properties shared with the laser Doppler anemometry technique. Although it is less quantitative than the Doppler technique, it does have the advantage of giving an overall map of blood velocities instead of point measurements only, and we offer it as a complementary technique.

Speckle noise

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Citations (228)

Contemporary optical instrument design, fabrication and testing

Leo H. J. F. Beckmann J. D. Briers Paul R. Yoder

These proceedings consist of papers divided between the following sessions: Integration of the design into the system, Fabrication and testing techniques, and Contemporary Optical Instrumentation. Some of the titles are: Optical replication: an overview and design guide for the systems engineer, Fabrication and testing of highly nonconventional optics, Narcissus, a testing tool, and Automatic gauge block measurement using multiple wavelength interferometry.

Instrumentation

Replication

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A note on the statistics of laser speckle patterns added to coherent and incoherent uniform background fields, and a possible application for the case of incoherent addition

Optical and Quantum Electronics (1975)

J. D. Briers

10.1007/bf00619842

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Citations (20)

<title>Monitoring biomedical motion and flow by means of coherent light fluctuations</title>

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (1996)

J. D. Briers

Laser light, when scattered from a moving object or fluid, fluctuates in intensity. These fluctuations can yield information about the velocity of the scatterers involved. Two approaches have been used over the past twenty years or so. The techniques of photon correlation spectroscopy and laser Doppler effectively measure the frequency shift that occurs when light is scattered from moving objects. Regarding the phenomenon as a time-varying speckle pattern, however, opens up several other measurement possibilities. This review paper describes some recent biomedical applications of these techniques.

Intensity

Speckle imaging

10.1117/12.231672

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Citations (4)

Flow visualization by means of single-exposure speckle photography

Optics Communications (1981)

Adolf F. Fercher J. D. Briers

Multiple exposure

10.1016/0030-4018(81)90428-4

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Citations (638)