Romy Razakandrainibe

Université de Rouen Normandie

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Loïc Favennec

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen

Damien Costa

Université de Rouen Normandie

Gilles Gargala

Université de Rouen Normandie

Stéphane Valot

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne

Frédéric Dalle

Université de Bourgogne

Louise Basmaciyan

Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté

Isabelle Villena

Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne

Venceslas Villier

Université de Rouen Normandie

Laëtitia Le Goff

Université de Rouen Normandie

Stéphanie La Carbona

Actalia (France)

Cooperative Institutions

Inserm

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Université de Rouen Normandie

Institut Pasteur

Université Paris Cité

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris

Normandie Université

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen

Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne

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Giardiose et cryptosporidiose: deux parasitoses à transmission hydrique

Revue Francophone des Laboratoires (2014)

Romy Razakandrainibe Laëtitia Le Goff Gilles Gargala Loïc Favennec

10.1016/s1773-035x(14)72364-0

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Citations (2)

Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks linked to the public water supply in a military camp, France

PLoS neglected tropical diseases (2022)

Stéphanie Watier-Grillot Damien Costa Cédric Petit Romy Razakandrainibe Sébastien Larréché

Introduction Contaminated drinking and recreational waters account for most of the reported Cryptosporidium spp. exposures in high-income countries. In June 2017, two successive cryptosporidiosis outbreaks occurred among service members in a military training camp located in Southwest France. Several other gastroenteritis outbreaks were previously reported in this camp, all among trainees in the days following their arrival, without any causative pathogen identification. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations were carried out to explain theses outbreaks. Material and methods Syndromic diagnosis using multiplex PCR was used for stool testing. Water samples (100 L) were collected at 10 points of the drinking water installations and enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts performed. The identification of Cryptosporidium species was performed using real-time 18S SSU rRNA PCR and confirmed by GP60 sequencing. Results A total of 100 human cases were reported with a global attack rate of 27.8%. Cryptosporidium spp. was identified in 93% of stool samples with syndromic multiplex PCR. The entire drinking water network was contaminated with Cryptosporidium spp. The highest level of contamination was found in groundwater and in the water leaving the treatment plant, with >1,000 oocysts per 100 L. The same Cryptosporidium hominis isolate subtype IbA10G2 was identified in patients’ stool and water samples. Several polluting activities were identified within the protection perimeters of the water resource. An additional ultrafiltration module was installed at the outlet of the water treatment plant. After several weeks, no Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the public water supply. Conclusions After successive and unexplained gastroenteritis outbreaks, this investigation confirmed a waterborne outbreak due to Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IbA10G2. Our study demonstrates the value of syndromic diagnosis for gastroenteritis outbreak investigation. Our results also highlight the importance of better assessing the microbiological risk associated with raw water and the need for sensitive and easy-to-implement tools for parasite detection.

Waterborne diseases

10.1371/journal.pntd.0010776

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Citations (7)

Editorial: Impact and control of food- and waterborne protozoan parasites

Frontiers in Microbiology (2024)

Olga Matos Panagiotis Karanis Romy Razakandrainibe

Citation: Matos O, Karanis P and Razakandrainibe R (2024) Editorial: Impact and control of food- and waterborne protozoan parasites. Front. Microbiol. 15:1466883. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1466883

Protozoan parasite

10.3389/fmicb.2024.1466883

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Citations (1)

Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) between free living amoebae: a new route for microbial resistance and pathogenesis?

Research Square (Research Square) (2023)

Damien Costa Marion Lefebvre Magalie Bénard Romy Razakandrainibe Isabelle Villena

Abstract Free-living amoebae (FLA) have multiple roles in the ecology of microorganisms. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are cytoplasmic bridges now considered as a major pathway of cell-to-cell communication for eukaryotic mammalian cells. Interestingly, TNTs can be hijacked by microorganisms to promote their intercellular spreading. Here, type 1 and type 2 of TNTs were observed between trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii . Both types of TNTs contained actin while tubulin was only detected in TNT1. Hovering freely above substratum, TNT1 connected isolated long distance motile amoebae with a length up to 82 µm. In contrast, TNT2 (< 5µm) bridged short distance between FLA trophozoites. The mechanism of TNT formation in amoebae is likely to be through cell dislodgement. To our knowledge, this is the first time that TNTs were observed between unicellular eukaryotes. It suggest a primitive mode of cell connectivity and upset current knowledge. This opens many study opportunities including microbial exchange and resistance.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-3219751/v1

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Epidemiological situation of malaria in Madagascar: Baseline data for monitoring the impact of malaria control programmes using serological markers

Acta Tropica (2009)

Romy Razakandrainibe Vincent Thonier Arsène Ratsimbasoa Emma Rakotomalala Élisabeth Ravaoarisoa

Baseline (sea)

Epidemiological surveillance

10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.007

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Citations (18)

Ruling out nosocomial transmission of Cryptosporidium in a renal transplantation unit: case report

BMC Infectious Diseases (2016)

Julie Brunet Jean Lemoine B. Pesson Stéphane Valot Marc Sautour

Cryptosporidium spp. is a ubiquitous parasite affecting humans as well as domestic and wild vertebrates, causing diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts worldwide. Its transmission occurs primarily by the fecal-oral route. In humans, C. parvum and C. hominis are the most prevalent species, whereas immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals can also be infected by other zoonotic species. Renal transplant patients are prone to develop cryptosporidiosis, which can induce severe and life-threatening diarrhea. We report here a series of nearly concomitant cases of acute symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in three renal transplant patients attending the Strasbourg University Hospital Nephrology Unit. The clinical presentation was persistent diarrhea and acute renal failure. The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic stool examination using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and species identification by molecular tools. All patients were treated with nitazoxanide and recovered from diarrhea after 14 days of therapy. Genotypic species identification was not consistent with an epidemic context, thus underlining the need for genotyping to monitor at risk patients.

Medical microbiology

Nitazoxanide

Parasitology

10.1186/s12879-016-1661-5

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Citations (21)

Cryptosporidiose chez les jeunes veaux en France : aspects scientifiques et pratiques du risque sanitaire

Damien Costa Romy Razakandrainibe Tiffany Pézier Venceslas Villier Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé

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Evaluation of voriconazole anti-Acanthamoeba polyphaga in vitro activity, rat cornea penetration and efficacy against experimental rat Acanthamoeba keratitis

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2018)

J. Gueudry Laëtitia Le Goff Patricia Compagnon Sabine Lefèvre Élodie Colasse

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening infectious disease. Its effective and safe medical therapy remains highly debated. Recently, voriconazole, a monotriazole with noted in vitro activity against a large variety of fungi, has been successfully used both topically and systemically to treat human AK cases.To measure anti-Acanthamoeba polyphaga in vitro activity, anti-rat AK efficiency and rat cornea penetration of eye-drop and oral voriconazole.A. polyphaga was maintained in axenic cultures. In vitro, amoebicidal and cysticidal activities of voriconazole were measured using an XTT assay. AK lesions of Sprague Dawley rats were scored from grade 0 to grade 3. For 21 days, from day 7 post-infection, voriconazole (1% solution) eye drops were instilled or voriconazole was administered by gavage (60 mg/kg/day). After killing, superficial corneal epithelium scrapings were cultured and analysed by PCR, and eye-globe histology was performed. Cornea and plasma concentrations were determined using 2D HPLC separation and tandem MS.In vitro, voriconazole inhibited trophozoite proliferation with an IC50 value of 0.02 mg/L and an IC90 value of 2.86 mg/L; no cysticidal effect was found. In AK rats, eye drops reduced clinical worsening from day 7 to day 14 post-infection and oral voriconazole was not effective. Voriconazole cornea concentrations were directly dependent on the frequency of eye-drop instillations, which resulted in lower plasma concentrations, whilst oral voriconazole resulted in lower cornea concentrations.Present data underline the need for high-frequency eye-drop instillation regimens for efficient AK therapy.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Fungal Keratitis

Eye drop

10.1093/jac/dky094

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Citations (13)

Evaluation of a modified method for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts on spinach leaves

Food and Waterborne Parasitology (2020)

Romy Razakandrainibe Sophie Kubina Damien Costa Guy Robinson Stéphanie La Carbona

Despite the infection risk associated with the consumption of contaminated food, techniques for recovering and detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts from fruit and vegetables are generally inadequate due to the variable recovery efficiencies and high reagent costs, such as those presented by ISO 18744:2016 "Microbiology of the food chain -Detection and enumeration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh leafy green vegetables and berry fruits". Although an improved method for recovering these parasites from Iceberg lettuce, which reported increased recovery efficiency as well as lower costs, has been published, it appears to have limitations for the recovery of Cryptosporidium from saponin-rich leaves such as spinach (Spinacia oleraceae), which have previously been implicated in Cryptosporidium parvum outbreaks. In this study, we refined the method to improve its use with these more challenging samples. The use of alkaline elution buffer (1 M glycine) of different pH values was evaluated for their effectiveness in removing C. parvum from spinach leaves. The refinement of Utaaker's method showed, from spinach leaves inoculated with 100 oocysts, an increased oocyst recovery rate with an overall mean recovery rate of 33.79% ± 2.82%. The emergence of parasitic foodborne illnesses and outbreaks associated with the consumption of fresh produce demonstrates the need for the development of an optimal recovery process for parasites from suspected foods. Results showed that refinement of existing protocols could improve the retrieval of Cryptosporidium oocysts from these more challenging leafy greens.

Cryptosporidium parvum

Leafy

10.1016/j.fawpar.2020.e00097

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Citations (11)

Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium infections in ewes and lambs are a source of environmental contamination with zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum

Parasite (2020)

Léa Bordes Pauline Houert Damien Costa Loïc Favennec Corinne Vial-Novella

Protozoan parasites of the Cryptosporidium genus cause severe cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs. However, asymptomatic infections also occur frequently in lambs and ewes. In sheep, the most commonly detected Cryptosporidium species are C. ubiquitum , C. xiaoi and C. parvum. Due to a lack of relevant information about such infections in France, we investigated the situation on five dairy sheep farms in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in south-western France in December 2017. Individual fecal samples were collected from 79 female lambs (5–17 days old) and their mothers (72 ewes). Oocysts were screened using Heine staining before and after Bailenger concentrations. Cryptosporidium species identification and genotyping were performed using real-time PCR and gp60 gene sequencing. No cases of clinical cryptosporidiosis were observed in the 79 lambs. Microscopically, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were observed in only one lamb on one farm (prevalence 1.3%) and one ewe on another farm (prevalence 1.4%). By contrast, Cryptosporidium spp. DNA was detected in 17 ewes (prevalence ranging from 10.5% to 50% depending on the farm) and in 36 lambs (prevalence ranging from 0% to 77.8% depending on the farm). Only zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum IId and IIa genotypes were identified when genotyping was possible. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and C. xiaoi were detected on one and three farms, respectively. We conclude that healthy young lambs and their mothers during the peripartum period could be a source of environmental contamination with oocysts.

Cryptosporidium parvum

Zoonosis

10.1051/parasite/2020054

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Citations (8)