We have revealed the magnetic properties, martensitic transformation, and kinetics of the Ni24-xMn18+x+ySn6-y (x, y=0, 1, 2) system by combining the first-principles calculations and experiments. Key results indicate that the excess Mn atoms tend to occupy Sn sublattices (MnSn) in different planes, and occupy the Ni sublattices (MnNi) with the largest number of MnSn in the nearest neighbors. The optimized lattice parameters are consistent with experimental results. Respectively obtain the relation equation of austenite formation energy (Ef) and Mn content (XMn): Ef-A=507.358XMn-274.126, and the relation equation of six-layer modulated (6M) martensite formation energy (Ef-6M) and Ni content (XNi): Ef-6M=-728.484XNi+264.374. The stable magnetic state of each phase is determined according to the lowest formation energy (Ef), and the ternary phase diagram of the total magnetic moment is established. Excessive Mn will reduce the total magnetic moment of 6M (Mag6M) and non-modulated (NM) (MagNM) martensites, and the relation equations between the total magnetic moment and Mn content are obtained as follows: Mag6M=-15.905XMn,+7.902 and MagNM=-14.781XMn+7.411, while the effect on austenite is complex. According to the thermodynamics of martensitic transformation, the alloy will undergo Austenite - 6M- NM transformation sequence. Combining the thermodynamic and kinetic results, the martensitic transformation temperature decreases with increasing MnNi content x and increases with increasing MnSn content y. The 3d electrons of MnSn play an important role in magnetic properties from the perspective of the electronic density of states. The above results are expected to provide reference for predicting the phase stability and magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-Sn alloys.
Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) can be potentially used for fabricating high-performance components owing to its advantages of solid-state processing. However, the inhomogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties of the build attributed to the complex process involving restirring and reheating deserve attention. This study is based on the previous research of the underwater FSAMed 7A04 aluminum alloy and adopts a quasi in situ experimental method, i.e., after each pass of the underwater FSAM, samples were taken from the build for microstructural observation to investigate the restirring and reheating effects on microstructural evolution during the underwater FSAM. Fine-grain microstructures were formed in the stir zone during the single-pass underwater FSAM. After restirring, the grain size at the bottom of the overlapping region decreased from 1.97 to 0.87 μm, the recrystallization degree reduced from 74.0% to 29.8%, and the initial random texture transformed into a strong shear texture composed of the C {110}<11¯0>. After reheating, static recrystallization occurred in the regions close to the new additive zones, increasing the grain size and recrystallization degree. This study not only revealed the microstructural evolution during the underwater FSAM but also provided a guideline for further optimization of the mechanical properties of the Al−Zn−Mg−Cu alloy build.
Abstract Effects of magnetic field annealing on carburizing behavior in pure iron in the γ‐Fe temperature region were investigated. Specimens were subjected to isothermal annealing at 930 °C for 25 min with a heating rate of 5 °C /min, and then cooled in the furnace. A magnetic field with different intensity was applied during the whole heating, isothermal holding and cooling processes. The results showed that the magnetic field annealing obviously hindered the carburization in γ‐Fe in the direction parallel and anti‐parallel to the magnetic field direction and this effect increased with the enhancement of the magnetic field intensity.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
In this work, the fourth element Cu was introduced to substitute Ni in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Sn alloys. It was shown that Cu doping did not change the crystal structure of the martensite in Ni 50-x Cu x Mn 39 Sn 11 (x=0, 1, ......,7) alloys, but resulted in the decrease of martensitic transformation temperatures. Due to the higher atomic radius of Cu with respect to that of Ni, the lattice volume of martensite unit cell increases with the gradual substitution of Ni by Cu. For the alloys with the Cu content of 0-4%, the martensitic transformation is from weak magnetic (paramagnetic) austenite to weak magnetic (paramagnetic) martensite. When the Cu content is higher than 4%, the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition of austenite was introduced. The temperature interval between magnetic transition and structural transformation was enlarged with the increase of Cu content. Due to the relatively smaller magnetization difference between austenite and martensite, the field induced inverse martensitic transformation behavior is not significant in the present Cu-doped alloys.