Background: Beast cancer is considered as the most common malignancy among females in the world .in Iran, this cancer is also the most prevalent malignancy among women. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Tamoxifen and interval and continues training on tumor mass Balb/c mice suffering from breast cancer Methods: for this reason 30 female balb/c mice were utilized and after transplant carcinoma tumor to mice randomly divided in 4 groups 6 groups as follow : 1:tumor-control 2:tumor-continue training 3:tumor –continue training-Tamoxifen 4:tumor-interval training 5: tumor-interval training-Tamoxifen 6:tumor-tamoxifen. Continues training protocol was done for 6 weeks at 25% to 75% vo2max and interval training protocol was done for 6 weeks at 20% to 55%vot2 max between 1 until 10 interval rep *1 min . The drug was injected every day during research program. Blood samples were collected after protocol. The levels of Heat shock protein 70-kDa (Hsp70), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interferon gamma (IFN γ) were measured with ELISA method, and the resulting data was analyzed with SPSS 10 statistical software Result: Data analysis showed that the Hsp70 levels in both groups of interval and interval plus Tamoxifen were decreased (P=0.459). Also in continues group was increased (p>0/05).The IL-4 level in both groups of interval and interval plus Tamoxifen showed no significant differences compared to tumor control (P=0.112). The IFN γ level in both groups of interval and interval plus Tamoxifen showed an increase, but was not significant compared to control group(P=0.784). Conclusion: tumor mass in interval training only, interval training and Tamoxifen treated showed a significant decrease in the tumor growth in comparison with control group. But tumor mass in continues group was increased in comparison control group.
Ventricular tachycardia although not common, can occasionally complicate pregnancy. Its presence may indicate an underlying cardiac structural abnormality, or undiagnosed congenital arrhythmic disease. However, some pregnant patients with ventricular tachycardia have structurally normal hearts. Two cases of ventricular tachycardia in pregnant patients with structurally normal hearts are presented and an approach to diagnosis and management of such patients are discussed.
•We present a case of severe MR due to rupture of posteromedial papillary muscle after CABG.•The patient underwent successful edge-to-edge repair using the MitraClip device.•A subset of patients with acute MR might benefit from transcatheter repair over surgery.
Purpose of review Recent advances in the field of three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography have allowed improved visualization of cardiac structures. These advances have also provided valuable insights into cardiac function. The purpose of this review is to describe the recent developments in 3D echocardiography in assessing valvular heart disease. Recent findings Application of 3D echocardiography to valvular heart disease has improved with advances made in both the hardware and software components of 3D ultrasound systems. The most significant advancement has been the development of a matrix transducer that is capable of rapid real-time 3D acquisition and rendering. There have been many studies evaluating 3D echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve disease, aortic valve disease, as well as congenital heart disease using both real-time 3D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as well as off-line reconstructed 3D images from transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) using post image processing. More recent studies have combined the structural 3D information with color Doppler 3D imaging, providing qualitative functional information. Summary Developments in the field of 3D ultrasound imaging have allowed better qualitative assessment of valvular structures. The addition of color flow Doppler to the 3D imaging has provided improved visualization of regurgitant lesions and holds great promise for improved quantitative assessment of such lesions. The ongoing miniaturization of transducers and improvements in hardware and software components of ultrasound systems will certainly enhance both the ease of image acquisition as well as image quality, which should result in more precise quantitation of valvular dysfunction. However, clinical benefits of 3D echocardiography are yet to be demonstrated in properly conducted clinical trials, which are needed for wider acceptance of this technique.
Immune system has role in inflammatory and anti inflammatory function. Base of these activities is produce IL4 and IFNγ. This study is about effects of endurance training with moderate intensity and overtraining on balance these two cytokines. In this study 30 rats selected and divided to 3 groups control, moderate and overtraining exercise. Moderate training protocol was done for 12 weeks with speed 30 m/min in first week and 23m/min in last week. Overtraining protocol was done with speed 15 m/min in first week and 25 m/min in last week. All protocol of training was for 12 weeks. Speleenectomy where done after interval training protocol, and Eliza method used to, Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon γ (IFNγ).The results of this study showed a increase in the amount of (IFNγ) and decrease in the levels of IL4 in moderate training group that difference was significant (p=0.01). The results also showed increase in levels of IL4 and decrease IFNγ levels in overtraining group difference was significant (p=0.01).Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that doing moderate training lead to increase IFNγ and overtraining case to increase IL4
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