L Somova

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

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НГ

Н. Г. Плехова

Vladivostok State Medical University

ЕИ

Е. И. Дробот

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

I. N. Lyapun

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

B. G. Andryukov

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

ГН

Г. Н. Леонова

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

НФ

Н. Ф. Тимченко

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Krylova Nv

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

НА

Н. А. Ишутина

Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

Igor Gorikov

Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

E. V. Matosova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Cooperative Institutions

Russian Academy of Sciences

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Moscow Clinical Scientific Center

Academy of Medical Sciences

Far Eastern Federal University

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Vladivostok State Medical University

Research Institute of Human Morphology

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

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Cell geteromorphism in the conditions of persistence of sapronoses causative agents in various environments

AIMS Microbiology (2019)

L Somova B. G. Andryukov I. N. Lyapun

The paper discusses the issues of morphofunctional variability of causative agents of sapronoses under stressful environmental conditions. In the current century, sapronoses infections attract more and more attention. Under unfavorable habitat conditions, their pathogens use a strategy for the formation of resting (stable) states: viable but non-cultured cell forms and the persistence of bacteria, which are characterized by reduced metabolism, changes in the morphology and physiology of microorganisms, and termination of their replication. With the formation of resistant forms of bacteria, the possibility of survival of sapronoses causative agents in the interepidemic period, the formation of their antibiotic resistance, which plays an important role in the chronicity of infections, is associated. The literature widely discusses the mechanisms and conditions for the formation of resistant states of pathogenic bacteria, their pathogenetic significance in infectious pathology, whereas the ultrastructural organization and morphological variability of resistant cellular forms, as well as their differentiation, causing the heterogeneity of the pathogens population, are not yet well covered. The emergence of molecular cell biology methods and the discovery of genetic modules of toxin-antitoxin systems revealed a single mechanism for regulating the formation of resistant cellular forms of bacteria. This served as the basis for the development of fundamentally new technologies for the study of the mechanisms for the conservation of the pathogenic potential of resistant cellular forms of pathogens of natural focal sapronosis in interepidemic periods. Based on the analysis of current data, as well as their own experience, the authors assess the role of morphofunctional changes in resistant cellular forms of bacteria and their significance in the adaptation strategies of causative agents of sapronoses (on the example of

Cellular metabolism

10.3934/microbiol.2019.2.147

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Патоморфология лимфатических узлов в случаях тяжелой инфекции, вызванной SARS-Cov-2, наблюдавшихся в Приморском крае

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY (2022)

L Somova E.A. Kotsyurbiy Е. И. Дробот Krylova Nv I. N. Lyapun

Introduction. When studying COVID-19 pathology, considerable attention is paid to the damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, which are associated with the manifestation of the infection. Data on changes in the organs of the lymphatic system are yet scarce. To date, COVID-19 is sure to cause the dysfunction of the immune system; however, information about the damage to the lymph nodes is ambiguous. The aim of the study was to characterize morphological changes in the hilar lymph nodes of patients who died from a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in Vladivostok in 2021. Materials and methods. A morphological study of the lymph nodes was performed in 20 patients who died from the new coronavirus infection, diagnosed in vivo using a PCR test. The controls were patients who did not have diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue in their medical histories but who died a violent death. The material for histological examination was processed according to generally accepted methods. Results. In all patients, we identified lymphadenopathy with hypoplasia of lymphoid tissue of varying severity. In the cortex, lymphatic follicles were detected, mainly without light (germinal) centers, as well as follicles with a pronounced rarefaction of cells and exposure to the reticular stroma, with no visualization of the paracortical zone. According to the severity of reactive changes in the T- and B-dependent zones of the lymph nodes, we distinguished two types of lymphadenopathy: 1) mixed follicular type; 2) follicular involution with lymphoid depletion. Conclusion. Pathological changes in the hilar lymph nodes of the lungs in patients who died from COVID-19 indicated immunosuppressive effects of the SARS-CoV-2. The pathologic changes in lymph nodes manifested with lymphocytic depletion in T- and B-dependent zones. This indicates a deficiency of cellular and humoral immunity in moderate and severe COVID-19. Keywords: coronavirus infection, COVID-19, pathomorphology, lymph nodes, lymphocytic depletion, immunodeficiency

Reticular cell

Follicular hyperplasia

Involution (esoterism)

10.31088/cem2022.11.4.16-24

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АПОПТОЗ И ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ

L Somova

Apoptosis as immunomodulating form of cell death plays a stabilizing role in maintaining optimal number of cells in an organism. The biological essence of cell death in infectious diseases is poorly reflected, and the concept of negative and positive values of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of diseases is presented ambiguously. The review focuses on the classical caspase-dependent apoptosis of innate and adaptive immunity cells, whose reactivity is associated with the initiation of infectious processes. Some causative agents of bacterial and viral infections can be triggers or inhibitors of apoptosis in a eukaryotic host cell, avoiding the factors of the immune system. In severe infectious diseases that occur with the development of sepsis, a fatal importance has the massive apoptotic loss of lymphocytes expressed lymphocyte apoptosis that leads to immunodeficiency states and the majority of patients corresponds to premortem decrease in cir- culating lymphocytes. Further studies on the identification of the molecular elements whereby pathogenic agents cause the cell death effort to develop new therapeutic approaches, including inhibition of apoptosis, to prevent the progression of severe courses of infections.

Pathogenesis

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Study of Viral Coinfection of the Ixodes Persulcatus Tickets Feeding on Humans in a Natural Foci of the South of the Far East

Г. Н. Леонова L Somova Svetlana Abramva Evgeniy Pustovalov

The phenomenon of pathogens co-infection detected in the half fed on humans I. persulcatus tick in the south of the Far East was studied. Researchs were carried out on PEK, Vero, Vero-E6 cell lines, outbred mice, chicken embryos, using ELISA, PCR, IMFA, plaque formation, and electron microscopy. The tick contained an antigen and a genetic marker of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The patient had post-vaccination antibodies in a titer of 1:200, as a result of which, obviously, an antibody-dependent elimination of TBEV occurred. The tick-borne co-isolate also contained an unknown pathogen (Kiparisovo-144 virus), which, in our opinion, was a trigger for the activation of chronic infection in suckling white mice. In the laboratory coisolate, ectromelia virus was present, as evidenced by paw edema during intradermal infection of mice, characteristic rashes on the chorion-allantoic envilope of chicken embryos, and typical plaques on Vero-E6. The Kiparisovo-144 virus was not pathogenic for white mice and chicken embryos, but successfully multiplied in the PEK, Vero, and Vero-E6 lines. Viral co-infection was confirmed by electron microscopy. Passaging on mice contributed to an increase in the virulence of the co-isolate, whose titer increased by 10,000 times by the 5th passage, which poses a serious epidemiological danger.

Vero cell

Ixodes persulcatus

10.20944/preprints202306.0557.v1

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Molecular-genetic characteristics of the tick-borne encephalitis virus pathogenicity of far eastern subtype

Journal Infectology (2020)

Г. Н. Леонова L Somova С. И. Беликов

The aim of the work: Using the data of genome-wide sequencing of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Far Eastern population, reveal the peculiarities of the moleculargenetic characteristics and their relationship with the pathogenicity of the agent. Materials and methods. A full-genomic characteristic of 63 TBEV strains isolated in the Far East and registered in GeneBank wos given. A pathohistological study of the central nervous system of monkeys infected with the highly virulent strains Sofjin and Khabarovsk-17 TBEV was conducted. Results. All strains are assigned to the Far Eastern subtype of TBEV and are located in three clusters, the territorial attachment of individual strains groups is noted. In the cluster of Sofjin-like strains, independent groups were identified, isolated in the territories of Primorsky Krai only, and separate groups – only in northern focal territories (Khabarovsk Krai). The cluster Senzhang-like strains are represented by strains of different clusters, isolated in China and throughout the Far East. The Oshima-like cluster of strains, except for strains from Japan, consists of strains isolated only in the south of the Far East (in Primorsky Krai). The incubation period of the disease in experimental animals was shorter when infected with the Sofjin strain (3–5 days) than when infected with the Khabarovsk-17 strain (7 days or more). The strain-specific differences in the severity of morphological changes in the central nervous system were revealed. For primorsky TBEV strains, a higher degree of neuroinvasiveness was characteristed with a more rapid development of severe manifestations of neuroinfection, compared to khabarovsky strains. Findings: 1) based on full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 63 TBEV strains, three main clusters were distinguished: Sofjin-, Senzhang- and Oshima-like; 2) in these clusters, territorial attachment of TBEV strains groups with a certain molecular genetic characteristic was established; 3) in primorsky TBEV strains, genetically determined advantages in the degree of neuroinvasiveness have been revealed, which provide them with the ability to more quickly overcome the blood-brain barrier compared to khabarovsky strains.

Strain (injury)

Tick-borne encephalitis virus

10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-1-48-55

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[Radioimmunological study of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the plasma and urine by using a Hungarian set (kit) for radioimmunologic determination].

PubMed (1984)

L Somova S Zakharieva M Nikolova P Matrozov Ankov

Alpha (finance)

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PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS: PATHOGENETIC VALUE OF INNATE IMMUNITY CELLS

Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology (2017)

L Somova Н. Г. Плехова Е. И. Дробот I. N. Lyapun

Novel data on mechanisms of innate immunity during infections with pathogenic Yersiniae are summarized in the review, that was mostly determined by complex developments regarding a unique pair of genetically related causative agents Y. pseudotuberculosis/Y. pestis. Our previous studies have revealed a morphological substrate of relative granulocyte immune deficiency that determines characteristic pathomorphologic features of pseudotuberculosis. To date, evidence has been obtained, that pathogenic for human Yersinia predominately activate protective function of innate immunity cells that is an important strategy to avoid elimination and cause the disease for the bacteria. Neutrophils (PMNs) play a fundamental role in response to infection by pathogenic Yersiniae in primary immune response and limit of primary spread of bacteria that use several mechanisms of eradication ofbacteria, e.g.: phagocytosis, oxidative stress, secretory degranulation, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, efferocytosis. Infected PMNs can act as an intermediate host for consequent non-inflammatory infection of macrophages. Further elaboration of questions relating to primary anti-infection protection during Yersinia infections gives a key to understanding of immune pathogenesis of epidemic pseudotuberculosis (far Eastern scarlet-like fever) and yersiniosis in general.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Yersiniosis

Yersinia

Yersinia Infections

Pathogenesis

10.36233/0372-9311-2017-5-78-90

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Changes of adrenal vasopressin during hemorrhagic shock in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain).

PubMed (1986)

L Somova Е В Иванова S Zaharieva A Machuganska

The adrenal gland of the Brattleboro rat contains AVP-like immunoassayable material in amounts equal to those of the normal Long Evans animal--6.180 ng/g fresh tissue in LE and 6.108 ng/g fresh tissue in the Brattleboro rats. After an activation of sympathetic NS and vasopressin secretion by hemorrhagic shock, the adrenal AVP-like material in LE increased by 54% and in Brattleboro rats--by 58%. After hemorrhagic shock plasma AVP in LE rats increased 3.5 fold, but in Brattleboro rats remained undetectable. The possible physiological role of adrenal AVP was discussed.

Hemorrhagic shock

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УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВАЯ И БИОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГЕПАТОБИЛИРНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПРИ ВРОЖДЕННОЙ ЦИТОМЕГАЛОВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ У ПОГИБШИХ ДОНОШЕННЫХ НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ

Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration (2020)

Ирина Андриевская Igor Gorikov L Somova Н. А. Ишутина А. Н. Одиреев

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Structural modifications of macrophages initiated by tick-borne encephalitis virus

Cell and Tissue Biology (2017)

Н. Г. Плехова Е. В. Пустовалов L Somova Г. Н. Леонова Е. И. Дробот

10.1134/s1990519x17040095

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