? Objective The paper sought to analyse th
e method, result and technical characteristics of endovascular embolization in t
he process of treating 60 patients with carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF).
Methods 47 patients were embolised with detachable ba
lloon, 12 with coil, 1 with IBCA. Catheterizations were performed in 59 patients
via. the femoral artery, and in 1 by way of dilated superior ophthalmic vein (S
OV). Results 47 patients undergone emdolization with balloon, the c
arotid arteries remained patent in 35 patients (74%) and were occluded in 12 pat
ients (24%) after embolization. Of the 12 cases embolised with coil, the patency
of carotid arteries were achieved in 4 patients (33%), and were occluded in 8.
Embolization with IBCA was succeeded in 1 patient by route of SOV.
Conclusions Interventional endovascular therapy is a convenient, sa
fe and effective way for the treatment of CCF. Additionally the higher rate of p
atency of the carotid artery can be attained when detachable balloon is adopted
as embolic material.
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Dual inhibitors of the two zinc metallopeptidases, neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 2.4.15.1), have been the focus of much clinical interest for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. We have previously reported that compound 2 (N-[[1-[(2(S)-mercapto-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl) amino]-1-cyclopentyl]-carbonyl]-L-tyrosine) was a potent dual inhibitor in vitro (IC50 (ACE) = 7.0 nM, IC50 (NEP) = 1.5 nM) (Fink et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 5023-5030). This compound was found to have oral activity; however, its duration of effect was short. A series of thioacetate carboxylic acid ester analogs of compound 2 was prepared. Modifications were also made to the tyrosine phenol. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit plasma ACE activity when administered orally to conscious normotensive rats. Most of the compounds prepared were found to be orally active with longer durations of effect than compound 2. Compound 38 (N-[[1-[(2(S)-(acetylthio)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl) amino]-1-cyclopentyl]carbonyl]-O-methyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester), administered at 11.7 mg/kg po, was found to be more efficacious than captopril at 10 mg/kg po. This compound was also found to inhibit plasma NEP activity following oral administration to conscious rats and was more efficacious than acetorphan. Compound 38 was found to lower blood pressure in the aorta-ligated rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat when administered orally. The synthesis and biological activity of these dual inhibitors are discussed.
Objective To investigate the association between spiral CT(SCT) features and tumor angiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma. Methods Forty patients with colorectal carcinoma confirmed by operation were examined by SCT before operation. Specimens from resected tumor were examined by immunohistochemistry staining, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2),nm23 and micro vascular density(MVD)was counted.Results The accuracy of SCT for pericolic and wall infiltration was 92.5%. The metastasis rate of pericolic infiltration and wall infiltration were 67.9% and 33.3% respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.05). Enhancement of CT extent,MVD,expression of VEGF and MMP-2 between wall infiltration group and pericolic infiltration group were significantly different(t=7.73,2.85,2.44,2.05 respectively,all P<0.05). Enhancement of CT extent and expression of nm23 and MVD between abdominal cavity metastasis group and non-metastasis group were significantly different as well(all P<0.05). The enhancement of CT extent was correlated with MVD in the wall infiltration group and the metastasis group of colorectal carcinoma(r=0.878,P<0.05). Conclusions SCT scan for the pericolic infiltration and the metastasis of abdominal cavity is effective. VEGF,MMP-2 and MVD are corelated with malignancy in wall infiltration. Inactivation of nm23 may be a metastasis factor. Enhancement of CT extent may be an index for tumor angiogenesis. SCT is beneficial to predict the wall infiltration and the metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.
Key words:
Colorectal neoplasm; SpiralCT; Angiogenesis; Microvesseldensity
The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of bread containing powdered Morus australis leaves on postprandial elevation of the blood glucose level. First, we assessed the 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) content and α-amylase- and maltase-inhibitory activities of bread containing powdered M. australis leaves. Second, we investigated the inhibitory effect of this bread on blood glucose elevation in healthy individuals. Although the level of 1-DNJ was reduced during the bread-making process, 1-DNJ was still present in the bread containing powdered M. australis leaves. The powdered leaves exhibited no α-amylase-inhibitory activity. Although the median maltase-inhibitory concentration was higher in the bread containing the powdered leaves than in the powdered leaves alone, this bread retained its maltase-inhibitory activity. Moreover, consumption of the bread containing powdered M. australis leaves suppressed postprandial elevation of the blood glucose and insulin levels to a greater degree than consumption of bread without the powdered leaves. These findings demonstrate that bread containing powdered M. australis leaves has an inhibitory effect on postprandial blood glucose elevation.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections, which inactivates a broad spectrum of bacteria. However, many traditional photosensitizers (PSs) are hydrophobic with poor water solubility and easy aggregation. On the other hand, some light sources such as ultraviolet (UV) have poor penetration and high cytotoxicity. Both issues lead to undesired photodynamic therapy efficacy. To overcome these issues, we develop a novel water-soluble natural PS (sorbicillinoids) obtained by microbial fermentation using recombinant filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. Sorbicillinoids could effectively generate singlet oxygen (1O2) under UV light irradiation and ultimately display photoinactivation activity on Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus but not Gram-negative ones such as Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. Sorbicillinoids were found to enter S. aureus but not E. coli. S. aureus treated with sorbicillinoids and UV light displayed high levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), notable DNA photocleavage, and compromised cell semipermeability without overt cell membrane disruption, none of which was found in the treated E. coli. All these contribute to the sorbicillinoid-based photoinactivation of Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, the dark toxicity and phototoxicity on mammalian cells or hemolysis activity of sorbicillinoids is negligible, showing its excellent biocompatibility. This study expands the utilization of UV light for surface sterilization to disinfection in solution. Therefore, sorbicillinoids, a type of secondary metabolite from fungus, have a promising future as a new PS for APDT using a nontoxic dose of UV irradiation.
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