Although familism has been studied in both Mexican American and Anglo families, there is controversy about whether familism in both groups is the same. Research has shown great within-group variability, and in addition, the kinship structure in the two groups isfundamentally different. This article explores the cross-cultural issues in conceptualizing familism and its relevance to caregiving among Anglo and Mexican American caregivers. Based on data obtained in an ongoing research program, the process of arriving at similarities and differences in the expression of familism is discussed using Berry's criteria for achieving cultural equivalence.
This article is partofa symposium that explores the issues involved in developing cross-culturally equivalent conceptualizations and measures for studying family caregiving. The examples used are from the instrument development phase of an ongoing program of research designed to generate and test a theory that explains the quality of family caregivingforfrail elders at home. This article provides the backgroundfor the symposium by introducing the symposium's unifying theme: cross-cultural equivalence. The process described is based on the experiences of the cross-cultural research team and Berry's model for developing cross-culturally equivalent research.
The purpose of the study was to determine home environmental and health‐related factors among home fallers and recurrent fallers in community dwelling older K orean women. The study population included 438 older women aged 65 years and over. Measures included a checklist of home environments and health‐related items. Risk indicators for accidental falls and recurrent falling were analysed using logistic regression. Logistic regression analysis revealed that chronic disease (odds ratio ( OR ) = 2.02, P = 0.007), poor night light ( OR = 1.97, P = 0.032) and obstacle of door sill ( OR = 1.76, P = 0.021) were predictors of accidental falls, and physical inactivity ( OR = 2.34, P = 0.018) and slippery floor in the bathroom ( OR = 0.41, P = 0.034) were predictors of recurrent falling. The findings have implications for strategies and suggest the need to modify home environmental context in systematic and consistent ways and the need to maintain physical activities to prevent falls and recurrent falling.
Purpose : the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive behavior group intervention on loneliness, depression, and suicidal ideation among community-dwelling older adults with a high risk of depression. Methods : A quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was employed. Twenty-seven older adults were recruited from community mental health welfare center for the intervention group, and 23 older adults participated for the control group. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions with cognitive behavior group discussion once a week. Instruments were Loneliness Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Suicidal Ideation Scale. Analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was used to adjust for baseline measures of the mean group difference. Results : The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference of loneliness( F＝6.15, p＝.017), and depression(F＝12.87, p＝.001) between the intervention and control group when controlling for the covariate. However, there was no significant differences in post adjusted suicidal ideation(F＝ 3.56, p＝.065) between intervention and control group. Conclusion : The findings suggest the need to modify and to use the cognitive behavior intervention for older adults with a high risk of depression at the community- based setting.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Male Urinary Distress Inventory (MUDI) and Male Urinary Symptom Impact Questionnaire (MUSIQ).A convenient sample of community-dwelling older men with urinary incontinence participated. A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. A panel of experts completed the initial translation into Korean and back-translated the MUDI and MUSIQ. Upon establishment of the content and translation equivalence between English and Korean versions of the MUDI and MUSIQ, psychometric properties were evaluated for reliability, concurrent, and construct validity with a sample of 143 older men.The internal consistencies of both instruments were found to be acceptable, and Cronbach's coefficients were 0.88 for the MUDI-K and 0.92 for the MUSIQ-K. A significant moderate correlation between MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K was found in this study, indicating modest concurrent validity between these 2 instruments (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). For construct validity, the mean scores of the MUDI-K were significantly different for age, marital status, prostate surgery, erectile dysfunction, and depression (p < 0.05). The means scores of MUSIQ-K were significantly different for depression (p < 0.05) only. For both the MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K, 7 factors were extracted, accounting for 68.1% and 72.1% of the variance.Results of this study suggest that the MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K can be used as a reliable and valid measure of health-related quality of life in community-dwelling Korean older men with urinary incontinence.
Abdominal pregnancy is a rare variation of ectopic pregnancy, which has been classified as primary or secondary. The clinical characteristics of abdominal pregnancy are extremely variable, so early diagnosis is very difficult. Because of high maternal morbidity and mortality, the prompt surgical intervention is required. Omental pregnancy is a very rare form of abdominal pregnancy, which is hard to detect early. The diagnosis of omental pregnancy is hardly ever made prior to laparotomy. We have experienced a case of omental pregnancy in a 36-year-old woman and report this case with brief review of literature.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate impact of sexual knowledge and sexual self-efficacy on sexual autonomy in middle school students in a rural area. Methods: With a cross-sectional descriptive design, 236 second-grade students were recruited from 4 middle schools using convenience sampling. The instrument was a self-administered questionnaire on sexual knowledge, sexual self-efficacy, and sexual autonomy. Data were analyzed using 2-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression. Results: Results showed significant positive correlations among sexual knowledge, sexual self-efficacy, and sexual autonomy. Sexual self-efficacy and sexual knowledge explained 37% of the variance in sexual autonomy. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that it is relevant to address sexual self-efficacy as well as sexual knowledge in order to increase sexual autonomy in middle school students. Further studies are warranted to investigate these variables with a larger sample and for development and validation of interventions to enhance sexual self-efficacy and sexual autonomy in middle school students.
Objective Adenomyosis and endometriosis are relatively common gynecological diseases that exhibit many common features. This study identified gynecological and non-gynecological diseases that exhibited comorbidity with adenomyosis and endometriosis in Korean women. Methods We used Health Insurance Review and Assessment data from 2009 to 2011 and searched for adenomyosis and endometriosis (coded as N80.1 and D25 in International Classification of Disease, 10th revision [ICD-10], respectively). We selected records from patients who had independent disease occurrences in each year, and comorbidities were estimated using Fisher's exact test. We computed each year's similarities and combined 3 years' results using Fisher's P-value summation method. Results A total of 61,516 patients' data were collected during the study period. The prevalence of adenomyosis and endometriosis were similar each year: 12.4% and 9.3% in 2009, 12.5% and 9.4% in 2010 and 13.3% and 9.1% in 2011, respectively. Meta-analysis revealed that 31 ICD-10 codes were significantly related with adenomyosis, and 44 ICD-10 codes were related with endometriosis. Gynecological diseases, such as leiomyoma and benign ovarian tumor, were significantly related to adenomyosis and endometriosis. Non-gynecological diseases, such as anemia and hypercholesterolemia, were also related to adenomyosis and endometriosis. Conclusion We must monitor for the presence of gynecological and non-gynecological diseases with co-morbidities during evaluations and follow-up of patients with adenomyosis or endometriosis. Keywords: Adenomyosis; Anemia; Comorbidity; Endometriosis; Hypercholesterolemia
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