Although mentoring interventions have helped to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) goals within STEM fields, even the most efficacious programs can be undermined without intentional cultivation of the broader mentoring ecosystem. This study examines participants from eight campus teams that engaged in a multi-session process of learning about a STEM-mentoring ecosystem (STEM-ME) framework, learning particular terminology, including 'champions' and 'stewards' within the system (i.e. who is advocating for and resourcing mentoring, respectively), and tools to inventory, map and analyze their mentoring ecosystem. Qualitative research, guided by interpretive phenomenological analysis, focused on (a) completed inventory tools, (b) visual mapping exercises, and (c) field notes from meeting sessions. The results indicate that the STEM-ME framework and new terminology facilitated important insights into possible synergies within the system. The opportunity to visualize an institutional ecosystem for concentrations of and gaps in activity helped to identify potential vulnerabilities and places to invest.
Abstract Complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA) is a light-dependent acclimation process that occurs in cyanobacteria and likely is related to increased fitness of these organisms in natural environments. Although CCA has been studied for over 40 years, significant advances in our understanding of the molecular foundations of CCA are still emerging. In this minireview, I explore recently reported developments that include novel insights into the molecular mechanisms utilized in the photoregulation of pigmentation and the molecular basis of light-dependent changes in cellular morphology, which are central elements of the process of CCA. I also discuss future avenues of study that are expected to lead to additional progress in our understanding of CCA and our general appreciation of light sensing and photomorphogenesis in cyanobacteria.
All known phycobiliproteins have light-harvesting roles during photosynthesis and are found in water-soluble phycobilisomes, the light-harvesting complexes of cyanobacteria, cyanelles, and red algae. Phycobiliproteins are chromophore-bearing proteins that exist as heterodimers of alpha and beta subunits, possess a number of highly conserved amino acid residues important for dimerization and chromophore binding, and are invariably 160 to 180 amino acids long. A new and unusual group of proteins that is most closely related to the allophycocyanin members of the phycobiliprotein superfamily has been identified. Each of these proteins, which have been named allophycocyanin-like (Apl) proteins, apparently contains a 28-amino-acid extension at its amino terminus relative to allophycocyanins. Apl family members possess the residues critical for chromophore interactions, but substitutions are present at positions implicated in maintaining the proper alpha-beta subunit interactions and tertiary structure of phycobiliproteins, suggesting that Apl proteins are able to bind chromophores but fail to adopt typical allophycocyanin conformations. AplA isolated from the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon contained a covalently attached chromophore and, although present in the cell under a number of conditions, was not detected in phycobilisomes. Thus, Apl proteins are a new class of photoreceptors with a different cellular location and structure than any previously described members of the phycobiliprotein superfamily.
Photosensory phytochromes perceive mainly red and far-red light and utilize a linear tetrapyrrole chromophore, phytochromobilin, for their photoactivity in plants. Although phytochromes have been extensively studied for light-dependent regulation of numerous developmental processes, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for distinct organ- and tissue-specific phytochrome responses is still limited. Recent studies using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a gene that encodes the biliverdin IXα reductase (BVR) enzyme, which reduces the biosynthesis and accumulation of phytochromobilin, and thus inactivates phytochromes, have led to advances in probing tissue-specific roles of phytochromes in plant development. We performed one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, followed by protein identification and peptide quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSMS) to identify proteins that accumulate differentially in transgenic Arabidopsis lines with mesophyll specific phytochrome deficiencies (i.e., CAB3::pBVR2 plants) compared to wild-type (WT). We identified the large subunit of Rubisco (RbcL) and small subunit of Rubisco (RbcS), which accumulated to lower levels in CAB3::pBVR2 relative to WT under continuous far-red light. We found that Beta-glucosidase proteins (BGLUs) accumulated highly in the CAB3::pBVR2 line under these conditions. RT-PCR and microarray analyses showed a positive correlation between the expression of the target genes and the accumulation of their products in BVR lines. We conclude that RbcL, RbcS, and BGLU18 are targets of mesophyll-specific phytochrome-mediated light signaling under far-red conditions.
Abstract Environmental conditions profoundly affect plant disease development; however, the underlying molecular bases are not well understood. Here we show that elevated temperature significantly increases the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ( Pst ) DC3000 independently of the phyB/PIF thermosensing pathway. Instead, elevated temperature promotes translocation of bacterial effector proteins into plant cells and causes a loss of ICS1-mediated salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Global transcriptome analysis reveals a major temperature-sensitive node of SA signalling, impacting ~60% of benzothiadiazole (BTH)-regulated genes, including ICS1 and the canonical SA marker gene, PR1 . Remarkably, BTH can effectively protect Arabidopsis against Pst DC3000 infection at elevated temperature despite the lack of ICS1 and PR1 expression. Our results highlight the broad impact of a major climate condition on the enigmatic molecular interplay between temperature, SA defence and function of a central bacterial virulence system in the context of a widely studied susceptible plant–pathogen interaction.
This article presents a proactive, individual-centered mentoring model which meets a recognized need for defined, practical methods for supporting comprehensive career planning and strategic development grounded in personal career aspirations. The developed model consists of a mentoring roadmap charting process and construction of a developmental mentoring network based on an integrative literature review of successful mentoring practices and adaptation of tested methods for retrospective analyses of effective mentoring. The mentoring roadmap concept encompasses the following steps: (a) self-reflection, (b) establishment of mentor–mentee relationship(s), (c) maintenance of mentoring relationships, and (d) advancing in mentoring relationship(s). To support strategic advancement along a defined mentoring roadmap and toward attainment of individual goals, the identification and cultivation of a broad collection of mentoring resources or mentors (i.e., nodes) and the relationships (i.e., edges) which connect these nodes in an effective mentoring network topology are discussed. The mentoring roadmap and network model is proposed as complementary to top-down or formal organizational mentoring interventions and as effective for short- and long-term career development planning as a self-guided assessment or mentor-engaged tool to support individuals seeking mentoring.
Light, including properties such as light quality and light quantity or intensity, and light-associated factors, including light-dependent, oxidative stress-associated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in the photoregulation of cellular morphogenesis in the freshwater cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. Although it has been long noted that differences in light quality can impact cellular morphology and filament lengths of F. diplosiphon, our recent findings indicate that light intensity and light-associated regulation of ROS levels are correlated with changes in morphology as well. Red light (RL) induces accumulation of ROS, as does an increase in light intensity, both of which are associated with a shift toward a more spherical cell shape. As the impacts of increased light intensity on pigmentation, cellular ROS levels and morphology are reversible when cells are shifted from high RL intensity to a lower intensity, our cumulative results suggest a causative impact of light-intensity mediated increases in ROS levels on cellular morphology.