ABSTRACT Piperacillin was injected into the vitreous body of rabbit eyes to evaluate its suitability for intraocular injection and its toxicity on intraocular tissues. Doses ranged from 50 µg to 3,000 µg. Toxicity was determined through histology and electroretinograms by comparing the piperacillin-injected eyes with eyes injected with balanced saline solution. Retinal toxicity was noted in the outer layer of the retina when 3,000 µg was injected intravrtreally. No toxicity was noted by histology with 1,500 µg of piperacillin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of piperacillin is 800 µg/cc for both gram negative and gram positive organisms. The large dose of intravitreal piperacillin tolerated by rabbit eyes makes piperacillin a potentially safe and effective broad spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis in human eyes.
Repair of cleft palate in the adult population is controversial. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman who underwent secondary cleft palate repair. The patient was born with a cleft palate and at age 15 years underwent palate repair that subsequently broke down. She had profound velopharyngeal incompetence, was difficult to understand in conversation, and had a long history of hearing issues requiring hearing aids. She underwent revision palatoplasty and insertion of bilateral grommets. Postoperatively she had marked improvement in her speech, hearing, and quality of life. This case demonstrates the utility of secondary repair of cleft palate in the adult population.
Piperacillin was injected into the vitreous body of rabbit eyes to evaluate its suitability for intraocular injection and its toxicity on intraocular tissues. Doses ranged from 50 micrograms to 3,000 micrograms. Toxicity was determined through histology and electroretinograms by comparing the piperacillin-injected eyes with eyes injected with balanced saline solution. Retinal toxicity was noted in the outer layer of the retina when 3,000 micrograms was injected intravitreally. No toxicity was noted by histology with 1,500 micrograms of piperacillin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of piperacillin is 800 micrograms/cc for both gram negative and gram positive organisms. The large dose of intravitreal piperacillin tolerated by rabbit eyes makes piperacillin a potentially safe and effective broad spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis in human eyes.
We report four cases of dicrocoeliosis in sheep of untraced origin at an abattoir in Wales in 2015. Liver presentation ranged from severe, with extensive disseminated fibrosis and small bile duct hyperplasia and ectasia, to mild, characterised by occasional small white lesions on the subcapsular surface. Incising the liver revealed black fluid containing Dicrocoelium dendriticum . In another case, from North West England, adult parasites were found in the gall bladder—there were no liver lesions—and eggs were present in faeces. The cases demonstrate that this condition may appear in sheep in UK outside the known endemic areas of western Scotland. Surveillance is therefore necessary but only achievable through accurate diagnosis. Investigators must be aware that lesions can appear similar in some cases to those caused by other parasites, especially Fasciola hepatica and Cysticercus tenuicollis , and that coprological methods to detect sheep nematode eggs are insensitive for this parasite.
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