Leslie Arney

Davidson College

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Jeffrey A. Anderson

Baylor University Medical Center

Myron S. Cohen

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Irving Hoffman

University of Malawi

Ronald Swanstrom

Communities In Schools of Orange County

Susan A. Fiscus

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Cassandra B. Jabara

10X Genomics (United States)

Laura P. Kincer

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Li‐Hua Ping

Inner Mongolia University of Technology

Corbin D. Jones

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Steven R. Meshnick

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Cooperative Institutions

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa

University of Cape Town

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research

University of KwaZulu-Natal

Duke University

National Institutes of Health

UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center

University of North Carolina Health Care

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Maternal‐Fetal DNA Admixture Is Associated with Intrapartum Mother‐to‐Child Transmission of HIV‐1 in Blantyre, Malawi

Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (2008)

Jesse J. Kwiek Leslie Arney Visopo Harawa Bonnie Pedersen Victor Mwapasa

10.17615/r25c-zz22

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CAPRISA 004 Tenofovir Microbicide Trial: No Impact of Tenofovir Gel on the HIV Transmission Bottleneck

The Journal of Infectious Diseases (2012)

Ziyaad Valley‐Omar Sengeziwe Sibeko Jeffrey A. Anderson Sarah Goodier Lise Werner

Alterations of the genital mucosal barrier may influence the number of viruses transmitted from a human immunodeficiency virus–infected source host to the newly infected individual. We used heteroduplex tracking assay and single-genome sequencing to investigate the effect of a tenofovir-based microbicide gel on the transmission bottleneck in women who seroconverted during the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial. Seventy-seven percent (17 of 22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 56%–90%) of women in the tenofovir gel arm were infected with a single virus compared with 92% (13 of 14; 95% CI, 67%–>99%) in the placebo arm (P = .37). Tenofovir gel had no discernable impact on the transmission bottleneck.

Tenofovir

Heteroduplex

10.1093/infdis/jis305

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Citations (16)

Strategic contracting practices to improve procurement of health commodities

Global Health Science and Practice (2014)

Leslie Arney Prashant Yadav Roger Miller Taylor Wilkerson

ABSTRACT

Public-sector entities responsible for procurement of essential medicines and health commodities in developing countries often lack the technical capacity to efficiently ensure supply security. Under strict public scrutiny and pressures to be transparent, many agencies continue to use archaic procurement methods and to depend on inflexible forecasts and cumbersome tendering processes. On the basis of semi-structured literature reviews and interviews, we identified framework agreements as a strategic procurement practice used by the U.S. federal government that may also be suitable for global health supply chains. Framework agreements are long-term contracts that provide the terms and conditions under which smaller repeat purchasing orders may be issued for a defined period of time. Such agreements are common in U.S. and United Nations procurement systems and in other developed countries and multilateral organizations. In contrast, framework agreements appear to be seldom used in procurement of health commodities in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The current practice of floating tenders multiple times a year contributes to long lead times and stock-outs, and it hampers the manufacturer9s or supplier9s ability to plan and respond to the government9s needs. To date, government9s use of strategic contracting practices in public procurement of health commodities has not received much attention in most developing countries. It may present an opportunity for substantial improvements in procurement efficiency and commodity availability. Enabling legislation and strengthened technical capacity to develop and manage long-term contracts could facilitate the use of framework contracts in sub-Saharan Africa, with improved supply security and cost savings likely to result.

Call for bids

Strategic sourcing

Chief procurement officer

Scrutiny

10.9745/ghsp-d-14-00068

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Citations (48)

Maternal‐Fetal DNA Admixture Is Associated with Intrapartum Mother‐to‐Child Transmission of HIV‐1 in Blantyre, Malawi

The Journal of Infectious Diseases (2008)

Jesse J. Kwiek Leslie Arney Visopo Harawa Bonnie Pedersen Victor Mwapasa

The mechanism of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 is not well described.Of 328 HIV-infected mother-infant pairs, we identified 91 that had discordant angiotensin I-converting enzyme and glutathione S-transferase M1 alleles. Maternal alleles in cord blood were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction, as indicators of microtransfusions.HIV-1 infected infants had more maternal DNA in cord blood than their uninfected counterparts. Increased maternal DNA in cord blood was associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight, and maternal immunosuppression.Intrapartum MTCT was associated with placental microtransfusions. The associations among placental microtransfusion, in-utero MTCT, maternal immunosuppression, and poor birth outcome should be further investigated.

Cord blood

Immunosuppression

10.1086/587646

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Citations (24)

Comparison of Viral Env Proteins from Acute and Chronic Infections with Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Identifies Differences in Glycosylation and CCR5 Utilization and Suggests a New Strategy for Immunogen Design

Journal of Virology (2013)

Li-Hua Ping Sarah Joseph Jeffrey A. Anderson Melissa-Rose Abrahams Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez

Understanding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is central to developing effective prevention strategies, including a vaccine. We compared phenotypic and genetic variation in HIV-1 env genes from subjects in acute/early infection and subjects with chronic infections in the context of subtype C heterosexual transmission. We found that the transmitted viruses all used CCR5 and required high levels of CD4 to infect target cells, suggesting selection for replication in T cells and not macrophages after transmission. In addition, the transmitted viruses were more likely to use a maraviroc-sensitive conformation of CCR5, perhaps identifying a feature of the target T cell. We confirmed an earlier observation that the transmitted viruses were, on average, modestly underglycosylated relative to the viruses from chronically infected subjects. This difference was most pronounced in comparing the viruses in acutely infected men to those in chronically infected women. These features of the transmitted virus point to selective pressures during the transmission event. We did not observe a consistent difference either in heterologous neutralization sensitivity or in sensitivity to soluble CD4 between the two groups, suggesting similar conformations between viruses from acute and chronic infection. However, the presence or absence of glycosylation sites had differential effects on neutralization sensitivity for different antibodies. We suggest that the occasional absence of glycosylation sites encoded in the conserved regions of env, further reduced in transmitted viruses, could expose specific surface structures on the protein as antibody targets.

Immunogen

Heterologous

10.1128/jvi.03577-12

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Citations (109)

HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms

PLoS Pathogens (2010)

Jeffrey A. Anderson Li‐Hua Ping Oliver Dibben Cassandra B. Jabara Leslie Arney

HIV-1 is present in anatomical compartments and bodily fluids. Most transmissions occur through sexual acts, making virus in semen the proximal source in male donors. We find three distinct relationships in comparing viral RNA populations between blood and semen in men with chronic HIV-1 infection, and we propose that the viral populations in semen arise by multiple mechanisms including: direct import of virus, oligoclonal amplification within the seminal tract, or compartmentalization. In addition, we find significant enrichment of six out of nineteen cytokines and chemokines in semen of both HIV-infected and uninfected men, and another seven further enriched in infected individuals. The enrichment of cytokines involved in innate immunity in the seminal tract, complemented with chemokines in infected men, creates an environment conducive to T cell activation and viral replication. These studies define different relationships between virus in blood and semen that can significantly alter the composition of the viral population at the source that is most proximal to the transmitted virus.

10.1371/journal.ppat.1001053

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Citations (129)

HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms

Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (2010)

Jeffrey A. Anderson Li‐Hua Ping Oliver Dibben Cassandra B. Jabara Leslie Arney

10.17615/hqrg-q938

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