The use of activated carbon made of sugarcane bagasse, to eliminate cationic dyes present in waste water was studied in this research. It investigates the potential use of activated carbon made of sugarcane bagasse. Increase in the PH of the dye solution caused an equivalent increment in its adsorption efficiency. This study demonstrates that activated carbon made from sugarcane bagasse is an efficient and cheap adsorbing agent and very effective at removing dyes present in solutions and the possibility of using it for a simple and inexpensive method of dye removal from waste waters in either stirred tank reactors or in batch reactors. The data obtained could be utilised to design an optimally productive system that uses either stirred tank reactors or batch reactors remove of cationic dyes from effluents industrial. This study predicts effect of activated carbon made from sugarcane bagasse on adsorption of cationic dyes.
Paper mills generate varieties of pollutants depending upon the type of the pulping process. The wastewaters discharged from these mills have high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour, in which indicating high concentrations of recalcitrant organics. This study was conducted using a Granular Activated Carbon – Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (GAC-SBBR) of 3.0 L working volume, operated in an aerobic condition and packed with 200 gL-1 of 2-3 mm granular activated carbon (coconut shells) as a medium for the biofilm growth. For the six of months, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set at 36 hours and later it was adjusted to 24 hours in order to evaluate the performance of the system. The treated wastewater samples for these studies were taken from a recycled pulp and paper mill factory in Pahang, Malaysia with 4 different batch characteristics. The adsorbable organic halides (AOX) that had been determined and treated were pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TeCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2-chlorophenol (CP) and phenol at various concentration ranges. The Monod growth kinetic parameters for the process specific growth rate coefficient (µh), half saturation coefficient (Ks), endogenous decay coefficient (DH) and Yield coefficient (YH) obtained were 0.0037 hr-1, 65.23 mgL-1, 4x10-5 hr-1 and 0.36 mg/mg, respectively. Analysis of the growth kinetic parameters in GAC-SBBR had deduced that the system was suitable to operate on long biomass retention time (BRT) under anoxic condition. The results also indicated that the biofilm attached onto granular activated carbon (GAC) can substantially remove these recalcitrant organics in the wastewater, within the range of 10 – 100% AOX removal depending on the selected HRTs.
lonferik (Fe3+) wujud sebagai salah satu ion logam pencemar dalam air sisa dari industri besi keluli dan juga eletropenyaduran. Walaupun ia wujud sebagai logam pencemar, ion ferik mempunyai fungsi yang tersembunyi iaitu boleh bertindak sebagai penggumpal atau penjerap. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan ion ferik ke atas kebolehlarutan logam dalam pemendakan karbonat air sisa logam bercampur. Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperolehi, kehadiran ion Fe3+ didapati berupaya meningkatkan kecekapan proses penyingkiran logam. Kebolehlarutan minimum setiap logam dalam air sisa logam bercampur dengan kehadiran ion Fe3+ adalah jauh lebih rendah berbanding dengan kebolehlarutan minimum setiap logam dalam sistem logam individu ataupun dalam campuran logam tanpa kehadiran ion Fe3+. Julat kebolehlarutan minimum untuk ion logam kromium, kuprum, nikel, plumbum dan zink yang disingkirkan secara bercampur dengan kehadiran ionferik masing-masing adalah 0.005-0.287 mg/L, 0.007-0.155 mg/L, 0.017-0.117 mg/L, 0.004-0.143 mg/L dan 0.030-0.135 mg/L. Namun begitu, julat pH optimum bagi proses penyingkiran semua logam dalam sistem air sisa logam bercampur dengan kehadiran ion Fe3+ tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang ketara jika dibandingkan dengan julat pH optimum untuk proses penyingkiran logam tanpa kehadiran ion ferik. Julat pH optimum untuk pemendakan semua logam dalam air sisa logam bercampur secara serentak dengan kehadiran ion ferik adalah masih kekal pad julat pH 8.0 - 11.0. Selain itu, proses penyingkiran semua logam dalam sistem logam bercampur dengan kehadiran ion Fe3+ didapati bermula pada nilai pH yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan dalam sistem logam individu.
Reduction process followed by precipitation is the most common method used in
treating wastewater containing chromium ions. In this study, hexavalent chromium
reduction process was carried out in both acidic and alkaline mediums. Ferrous
sulphate solution was used as a reducing agent to reduce hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)
to trivalent chromium (Cr3+). The reaction in alkaline medium at pH 9.0 was achieved
by adding sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) since chromium wastewater was acidic.
During the reaction, the addition of ferrous sulphate solution into reaction medium
was monitored through oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) parameter. The results
showed that the ORP profiles for the reduction process were different in both acidic
and alkaline mediums. When the reduction process was completed in the acidic
medium, the absolute ORP value was recorded as 380 mV. The absolute ORP value
when the reduction process completed in the alkaline medium was in the range of 0 to
–300 mV. The total precipitation in the alkaline medium was 1.6 times higher than
acidic medium. For the reduction process in both acidic and alkaline mediums, the
rate of reduction process was faster for the higher concentration of Cr6+ion. However,
the rate of reduction process in the acidic medium was faster than the alkaline medium
because the reduction of Cr6+ concentration was greater in the acidic medium
The batik industry has been one of the main family businesses in most of the east-coast region of the Malaysian peninsula for many years. However, appropriate water treatment is still a major challenge for this industry. Stringent laws introduced by the Malaysian authorities and the intention to protect the environment are factors that drive researchers to search for suitable, appropriate, affordable and efficient treatment of batik wastewater. Treatment research on batik wastewater is still lacking and coagulation-flocculation treatment using alum was introduced and chosen as a stepping stone toward the selection of green coagulants. This study aimed to determine the best conditions for alum flocculation-coagulation using a standard jar test method. Four main factors were investigated: alum dosage (0.1-3.5 g/L), pH (4-11), settling time (0.5-24 h) and rapid mixing rate (100-300 rpm). Results obtained were further analysed statistically using SPSS software prior to determining the significant effect of variable changes. From this study, the best conditions for batik wastewater treatment using the flocculation-coagulation process were found to be at alum dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH 8, 4 h settling time and a rapid mixing rate of 100 rpm. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, colour and total suspended solids (TSS) were removed by 70.7, 92.2, 88.4 and 100%, respectively, under these conditions. This study showed that batik wastewater can be treated by the coagulation-flocculation process using chemical means of alum. This indicates the need for forthcoming developments in natural-based-coagulant-flocculants toward the sustainability of the batik industry.
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