Talitha Bretherick

Universidade Federal de São Paulo

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Michael S. Caplan

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Yueyue Yu

Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Sylvia Synowiec

NorthShore University HealthSystem

Silvia Honda Takada

Universidade Federal do ABC

Lei Lu

University of Chicago

Vasily L. Yarnykh

University of Washington

Alexander Drobyshevsky

NorthShore University HealthSystem

Jack Caplan

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Jing Lü

Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine

Erika C. Claud

University of Chicago

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University of Chicago

NorthShore University HealthSystem

Northwestern University

Universidade de São Paulo

Shirley Ryan AbilityLab

Neurosciences Institute

Massachusetts General Hospital

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Research Network (United States)

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

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Microbiota influence the development of the brain and behaviors in C57BL/6J mice

PLoS ONE (2018)

Jing Lü Sylvia Synowiec Lei Lu Yueyue Yu Talitha Bretherick

We investigated the contributions of commensal bacteria to brain structural maturation by magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests in four and 12 weeks old C57BL/6J specific pathogen free (SPF) and germ free (GF) mice. SPF mice had increased volumes and fractional anisotropy in major gray and white matter areas and higher levels of myelination in total brain, major white and grey matter structures at either four or 12 weeks of age, demonstrating better brain maturation and organization. In open field test, SPF mice had better mobility and were less anxious than GF at four weeks. In Morris water maze, SPF mice demonstrated better spatial and learning memory than GF mice at 12 weeks. In fear conditioning, SPF mice had better contextual memory than GF mice at 12 weeks. In three chamber social test, SPF mice demonstrated better social novelty than GF mice at 12 weeks. Our data demonstrate numerous significant differences in morphological brain organization and behaviors between SPF and GF mice. This suggests that commensal bacteria are necessary for normal morphological development and maturation in the grey and white matter of the brain regions with implications for behavioral outcomes such as locomotion and cognitive functions.

Grey matter

10.1371/journal.pone.0201829

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