J. N. Hollenhorst

Agilent Technologies (United States)

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R. P. Giffard

Hewlett-Packard (United States)

R. C. Taber

Hewlett-Packard (United States)

S. P. Boughn

Haverford College

M. S. McAshan

Stanford University

W. M. Fairbank

Colorado State University

P. F. Michelson

Stanford University

E. R. Mapoles

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

V. D. Mattera

AT&T (United States)

Ho Jung Paik

University of Maryland, College Park

M. Bassan

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata

Cooperative Institutions

Hewlett-Packard (United States)

AT&T (United States)

Stanford University

Nokia (United States)

Agilent Technologies (United States)

The University of Texas at Austin

Alcatel Lucent (Germany)

Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource

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Fabrication and performance of high speed InGaAs APDs

J. N. Hollenhorst

Over the last several years, the technology for fabrication of long wavelength avalanche photodiodes (APDs) has matured considerably. APDs are now in volume manufacture and have become the detector of choice for most long haul high-bit-rate applications.1 These applications place stringent demands on such device parameters as dark current, bandwidth, gain uniformity, and operating lifetime. These requirements often conflict with one another and severely constrain the device structure. Meeting the requirements at high yield demands careful optimization of the epitaxial material structure, device design, and fabrication process.

APDS

10.1364/ofc.1990.thb6

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Citations (6)

Digital Electronics Near Zero Kelvin

J. N. Hollenhorst

Zero (linguistics)

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A theory of multiplication noise

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (1990)

J. N. Hollenhorst

A general theory of noise in avalanche photodiodes (APDs), photomultipliers, and other cascaded multiplication devices in which ionization is independent of a carrier's history is presented. The theory is based on a composition law that allows the calculation of the gain distribution of a multilayer structure from the known distributions for each layer. The composition law is used to establish some well-known results and a number of new results. New formulas are derived for the gain and excess noise of a general double-carrier structure composed of multiple identical stages. A set of differential equations is derived for the case of continuous multiplication, as in a conventional APD. New results are reported for the noise of the staircase APD and for an APD with two regions of constant but different ionization ratios. The latter can be used to model the InGaAs/InP separated absorption and multiplication APD.< >

APDS

Impact ionization

Silicon Photomultiplier

10.1109/16.47786

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Citations (48)

I. Signals and Noise in the RF SQUID. I. Quantum Limits in Gravity Wave Detection.

J. N. Hollenhorst

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Long Wavelength Photodetectors: Performance And Reliability

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (1990)

J. N. Hollenhorst O. G. Lorimor L. Marchut

An impressive technology now exists for the fabrication of photodetectors based on InGaAsP/InP heteroepitaxy. Excellent performance is obtained over the range from 1.0 pm to 1.7 gm, making these devices ideal for optical fiber communication applications. In this paper, we will review the state-of-the-art of InP based photodetectors with emphasis on their reliability. We will discuss some of the known failure mechanisms and describe measures taken to eliminate them. We will show results of reliability experiments performed in our laboratories on photodetectors. These devices have demonstrated extrapolated failure rates below 1 FIT and are now used in submarine cable systems and other applications with demanding reliability requirements.

Emphasis (telecommunications)

10.1117/12.963232

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Citations (1)

Input noise in the hysteretic rf SQUID: Theory and experiment

Journal of Applied Physics (1980)

J. N. Hollenhorst R. P. Giffard

The spectral density of the low-frequency open-circuit intrinsic input noise of the hysteretic rf-biased SQUID is calculated. The noise level, which affects the optimized power sensitivity of the SQUID, is found to be strongly model dependent and thus also constitutes an interesting probe of device physics. The results of the calculation are significantly different from previous predictions. A direct measurement of the total input noise of a typical rf-biased SQUID system is reported. The results, which are consistent our calculation, correspond to a system noise temperature of 3.1±0.4 mK at a frequency of 1 kHz. This value is consistent with the Manley-Rowe equations and with previous experimentally determined upper limits.

Noise spectral density

Noise power

Hysteresis

10.1063/1.327782

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Citations (20)

High-temperature superconducting resonators

J. N. Hollenhorst R. C. Taber L.S. Cutler T.L. Bagwell N. Newman

The authors report preliminary measurements on high-T/sub c/ superconducting resonators and discuss why these resonators are attractive candidates for incorporation in low-noise oscillators. Some of the important contributions to oscillator noise are reviewed, and it is shown that they depend on the resonator parameters. A preliminary YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7//LaAlO/sub 3/ resonator with a Q of 9*10/sup 4/ at 6.9 GHz and 7*10/sup 4/ at 3.5 GHz has been fabricated. The temperature sensitivity, power dependence, and residual phase-noise are discussed. An upper limit on the coefficient of the 1/f component of fractional-frequency fluctuations has been measured to be -204 dB at 60 K.< >

Temperature coefficient

10.1109/freq.1991.145935

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Citations (6)

Measurement of forward and reverse signal transfer coefficients for an rf-biased SQUID

Applied Physics Letters (1978)

R. P. Giffard J. N. Hollenhorst

Comprehensive measurements of the parameters characterizing an rf-biased SQUID as a linear twoport are described. The behavior of the device corresponds in detail to the predictions of a recently published model of SQUID operation and is unexpectedly similar to that of a conventional reactive parametric amplifier. The measurements have been used to make the first reliable predictions of the noise temperature and optimum source impedance of an rf-biased SQUID.

SIGNAL (programming language)

10.1063/1.89888

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Citations (24)

Probing the Last 13.8 Billion Years in the Universe with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

APS (2014)

J. N. Hollenhorst

Observational cosmology

Billion years

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