Edible bird's nest (EBN) mainly made of saliva that secreted by a variety of swiftlets is a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine. EBNs from different biological and geographical origins exhibit varieties in morphology, material composition, nutritive value and commercial value. Here, we collected four different EBN samples from Huaiji, China (Grass EBN), Nha Trang, Vietnam (Imperial EBN) and East Kalimantan, Indonesia (White EBN and Feather EBN) respectively, and applied label-free quantitative MS-based proteomics technique to identify its protein composition. First, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on cytb gene to identify its biological origin. Second, a total of 37 proteins of EBNs were identified, among which there were six common proteins that detected in all samples and exhibited relatively higher content. Gene ontology analysis revealed the possible function of EBN proteins, and principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis based on 37 proteins were performed to compare the difference of various EBNs. In summary, our study deciphered the common and characteristic protein components of EBNs of different origins and described their possible functions by GO enrichment analysis, which helps to establish an objective and reliable quality evaluation system.
Research on burnout has garnered considerable attention since its inception. However, the ongoing debate persists regarding the conceptual model of burnout and its relationship with depression. Thus, we conducted a network analysis to determine the dimensional structure of burnout and the burnout-depression overlap. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to measure burnout and depression among 1096 college students. We constructed networks for burnout, depression, and a burnout-depression co-occurrence network. The results showed that cynicism symptom was the most central to the burnout network. In the co-occurrence network, depressive symptoms ("anhedonia", "fatigue") and burnout symptom ("doubting the significance of studies") were the most significant in causing burnout-depression comorbidity. Community detection revealed three communities within burnout symptoms, aligning closely with their three dimensions identified through factor analysis. Additionally, there was no overlap between burnout and depression. In conclusion, our findings support a multidimensional structure of burnout, affirming it as a distinct concept separate from depression. Cynicism, rather than exhaustion, played the most important role in burnout and the burnout-depression comorbidity.
The essential goal of this work is to propose a reason that partially explains why the Blanquists, along with the entire Paris Commune, failed while the Bolsheviks and the Russian Revolution succeeded.The paper draws comparison between the deeds of the two, arguing that the Blanquists' leniency to solve disputes in democracy largely accounted for the Commune's downfall, and that the Bolsheviks' dictatorial and violent approach to handle different opinions contributed to their own and Russian Revolution's success.
This paper presents the development and hovering control of a tailsitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that merges long endurance and vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) abilities. The designed tailsitter contains one flying-wing with two motors and two elevons. Vehicle aerodynamics and a six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) model are especially developed for the tailsitter. To achieve a good performance in outdoor stationary hovering and accurate vertical flying, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for attitude controller is proposed. With signals from extended state observer (ESO) and tracking differentiator (TD), ADRC decouples the system model into a controllable chain of integrators. Based on the decoupled system dynamics, the motion of tailsitter can be easily handled by developed position controller. Experimental results are presented to corroborate the effectiveness of the controller in disturbance rejection.
A general synthesis of 1-aryl-1-H-indazoles from o-halogenated aryl aldehydes or ketones and aryl hydrazines was described. This protocol included an intermolecular condensation and a ligand-free copper-catalyzed intramolecular Ullmann-type coupling reaction. This method was applied to a wide range of substrates to produce the indazole products in good yields.
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