Abstract Purpose: MCN communicating with pancreatic duct and co-existence of pancreatic pseudocyst with MCN are rare conditions. Malignant transformation in MCN is not uncommon but combination of these rare presentations is very rare and has not been reported previously. Methods - A Case report of malignant transformation of MCN, which was communicating to MPD with concurrent pseudocyst of pancreas. Results- Two communicating large cysts in relation of tail of pancreas and lesser sac were diagnosed in a 45-year-old woman who had symptoms of early satiety and postprandial fullness of abdomen with history of recurrent acute pancreatitis.On cross sectional imaging there were two cysts:one multiloculated cyst with internal enhancing septations and solid component, which was communicating to main pancreatic duct and other uniloculated cyst without solid component or sepatations.Preoperative diagnosis of an IPMN with co-existing pseudocyst was made. En-bloc resection of both cysts, distal pancreas-spleen, proximal stomach and left hemidiaphragm with lymphadenectomy was done owing to high risk of malignancy. Final diagnosis on histopathological examination was moderately differentiated grade 2, MCN with invasive adenocarcinoma with coexisting pseudocyst of pancreas. Conclusion: We are reporting the 1 st case of invasive adenocarcinoma arising in MCN, which was communicating to main pancreatic duct with chronic pancreatitis and co-existing pseudocyst of pancreas.This case provides unique opportunity to study spectrum of cystic lesions of pancreas in single case.
The present study explored the predictors of teaching effectiveness among secondary school teachers of Dimapur district of Nagaland. Teaching effectiveness constitutes the characteristics, competencies, and behaviors of a teacher that enable his/her students to attain desired learning outcomes. The Teacher Effectiveness Rating Scale (Kulsum, 2001) was used to collect data. It was found that most (71%) teachers are having average level of teaching effectiveness. Further results revealed that out of five dimensions of teaching effectiveness, teacher characteristic is the most important dimension for the teaching effectiveness and age of teacher and teaching experience has no impact on his/her teaching effectiveness.
Job-satisfaction is of great significance for efficient functioning of any organization. Satisfied workers are the great asset of any organization and satisfaction leads their attitudes towards profession. Emotional Maturity is that characteristics of emotional behavior that is generally attained by an adult after the expiry of his adolescence period. Present study focuses on the study of occupational aspiration of visually impaired students in relation to their achievement motivation. It was hypothesized that there exists no significant relationship between job-satisfaction and emotional maturity of secondary school teachers and there exist no significant differences between job-satisfaction and emotional maturity of male and female secondary school teachers.
This paper presents the thematic analysis of around 40 Instructional Design Models (ID Models) including learning theories, instructional events and principles which has influenced the Instructional Designing (ID) process during the time period of 1930s to 2019. The primary purpose of reviewing instructional design modals is to establish that with the passage of time, many new models emerged by dwelling on the strengths and weaknesses of previous models. Reflexive thematic analysis of identified models was conducted to trace the framework and themes of their development. The theme based review analysis was organized in chronological manner. In addition to this, such continuum of analysis helps in finding the research gaps, elaboration of theoretical framework and in further designing of the practical framework of new contextual instructional models. It was found that in the process of Instructional Design development, the generic ADDIE model has influenced the development of subsequent models. The designers improved and improvised ADDIE model with the changing needs of learners and contexts. Although new theories have emerged, the socio-cultural theory, Gagnes instructional events, and Merrills principles of instruction still hold significance in instructional designing. Instructional designing based on constructivist epistemology dominate the instructional procedures in TEIs. But, with the integration of Information and Communication Technology in constructivism, new ID Models have been developed which are effective with respect to specific subject, place and contexts. The focus also shifted towards developing integrated models to combine different pedagogical approaches and learning theories with technology. This integration resulted in the emergence of blended instructional designs having elements of both traditional face-two-face and online environments. In the end paper opined that the Indian contexts are entirely unique and different. The ID Models practiced here are originally not developed in Indian contexts but borrowed from western education systems. So, need is to develop ID models suiting to the Indian conditions keeping in view the various challenges originating at teacher education and school education.
Human cadaver is ideal for learning and acquiring new surgical skills. While cadavers preserved using Thiel's embalming method are commonly used for training in laparoscopic surgery, it is a cumbersome technique. We report our experience of using Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers for training in advanced laparoscopic gastrointestinal procedures.A cross-sectional satisfaction survey corresponding to level 1 of the Kirkpatrick model for training evaluation was performed among 19 participants of advanced laparoscopy surgical skills training workshop, in December 2019, using Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers. Visual, haptic and tactile characteristics of the organs and tissues were assessed along with overall satisfaction of the workshop using Likert scale.Five Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were used for the workshop. All the 19 participants perceived that the cadavers were odourless and allowed adequate insufflation for laparoscopic procedures. Most of the participants(n=16, 84%) agreed that the appearance and tactile fidelity of the solid organs, luminal structures and tissues in Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were similar to that of a live patient. There was a strong agreement among participants that the workshop will help improve the laparoscopic skills(median Likert score-4).The participants of the surgical skill training workshop felt that the Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were ideal for use in practicing advanced laparoscopic procedures.
TFCC, being a complicated structure, located on the ulnar side of the wrist is composed of multiple distinct anatomic entities which together play a critical role in wrist biomechanics. The anatomy of TFCC has not been extensively studied in the Indian population. To elucidate the microscopic anatomy and composition of the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist joint using haematoxylin-eosin and Verhoff Van Gieson staining methods. Samples collected from 40 specimens (20 right and 20 left limbs) were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for fixation. Paraffin-embedded blocks were prepared and tissue sections were taken at 7-micron thickness. The slides were subjected to H&E and VVG staining following standardized protocol. The morphological structure of the seven components of triangular fibrocartilage complexes was assessed. The articular disc consisted of densely packed interlaced fibrocartilage with sparse blood vessels. Radioulnar ligaments showed densely-packed-parallel or interlaced- collagen-bundles. A mixture of tight and loose parallel tissue was observed in the sub-sheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, the ulnar-triquetral (UTL), and the ulnar-lunate ligament (ULL). Irregular morphological composition and loose connective tissue predominated in the ulnar-carpal meniscus (UCM). Blood vessels were observed in the epi-fascicular/ fascicular areas of the UTL, interstitial region of ULL and UCM. The microscopic anatomy of TFCC was complex owing to the varied nature of its entities. An understanding of the distribution of connective tissue, blood vessels, and elastic fibres would be of immense help in planning arthroscopic procedures.
Curricular reform in the anatomical sciences education is at cross roads.Many medical schools are continuing to modify their curriculum and educational methods with respect to anatomy.On one hand, the hours allotted for teaching anatomy has been significantly reduced, which prevents the anatomy educators from imparting their best to the students and on other hand, it has been dreaded that, because of the drastic reduction
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