As sources of natural products, medicinal plants bear a great interest for researcher in recent decades and this interest has increased considerably in finding naturally occurring antioxidant and antineoplastic compounds. Kaempferia galangal Linn., is an important member of medicinal flora available in Bangladesh and used traditionally for the prevention of numerous diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and antineoplastic activities of methanol extract of Kaempferia galanga rhizome (MEKGR). In vitro models and MTT assays were used to determine the antioxidant and in vitro antineoplastic properties of MEKGR. Antineoplastic effect of MEKGR against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) were assessed in vivo by evaluating the viable tumor cell count, survival time, body weight gain due to tumor burden, observing morphological changes and nuclear damage of EAC cells by fluorescence microscope and estimating hematological profiles of experimental mice. Chemical composition was also analyzed by GC–MS. Treatment with MEKGR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced viable EAC cells and weight gain and increased life span. MEKGR restored all hematological parameters, such as RBC, WBC, hemoglobin (Hb%) of EAC-bearing mice towards normal level. Membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentations were observed after treatment with MEKGR. MEKGR exhibited strong antioxidant activity. TPC (Total phenolic content) and TFC (Total flavonoid content) were found strongly correlated (P < 0.05) with antioxidant activities of MEKGR. 2-Propenoic acid, phthalic acid, palmitic acid, sandaracopimaradiene, oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, 2-[2-(4-nonylphenoxy) ethoxy] ethanol and glycidyl stearate were identified as the major constituents of MEKGR by GC–MS analysis. The overall findings of this study suggest that MEKGR may provide a natural source of antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.
Energy is essential to meet the basic needs of life, to increase amenities and modernization. The main sources of energy that are met our energy demands are mineral oil, coal, natural gas and firewood. These conventional energy sources are being depleted day by day. So renewable, alternative and effective energy sources should be explored for our country as well as whole world. The production of biogas serves as an alternative energy source. The main objective of our research work was enhancement of biogas production by cellulytic bacteria from bagasse using methanogens. Five liters capacity glass reactors were used. Five sets of batch modes anaerobic digesters were used under laboratory condition. Bagasse was used as feed materials. Bagasse is the by-product of sugar mill and it was used as raw materials for paper production in our paper mills. Now it is discarded and creates a problem of sugar mills to use and manage bagasse. The raw materials were diluted with supply water in the ratio of 1 to 9 for bagasse. The characteristics of the influent slurry in term of Total Solid (T.S)%, Volatile Solid (V.S)%, P H and temperature ranges were determined every 7 days intervals for bagasse. The percentage of methane of biogas obtained from bagasse was 80%. The S 1 strain (Monococcus sp.) and S3 strain (Streptococcus sp.) of cellulytic bacteria produced 3.45×10 -3 (m 3 /day/kg feedstock) biogas and 3.85×10 -3 (m 3 /day/kg feedstock) biogas at 22 th day respectively whereas control produced 2.85×10 -3 (m 3 /day/kg feedstock) biogas at 34 th day by using bagasse as feedstock. The results clearly demonstrated that the rate of biogas production was increased by S 1 strain and S 3 strain of cellulytic bacteria. The cumulative biogas production was found 54.20×10 -3 m 3 , 66.21×10 -3 m 3 and 61.59×10 -3 m 3 for control, S 1 strain and S3 strain of cellulytic bacteria, respectively. In conclusion, results obtained from the present research work can be used to design biogas reactor in the field conditions to operate batch and semi-continuous mode for disposal management of sugar mills and thereby contribute a lot of in our fuel and fertilizer sectors.
The life-threatening or potentially-disabling nature of congenital anomalies, which are defined as abnormalities of anatomy, function, or metabolism apparent at birth, makes them a serious public health problem. To evaluate the oral health status and measure the prevalence of nutritional deficiency of cleft lip and palate children. All patients with cleft lip and/or palate treated at Thengamara Mohila Sabuj Sangha (TMSS) Medical College, Bogura, and Islami Bank Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, participated in this cross-sectional study. A purposive sample of sixty individuals from the general population was used in the investigation. It was revealed that majority (35.0%) of the respondents were in the age group of six months to one year with unilateral cleft lip and palate (63.3%). The majority of the babies (33.3%), 60.0%, were born weighing less than 2.5 kg, and 63.3% were born weighing 4-10 kg. About 80.0% were from urban area 41.67% lived in tin shade house, 65.0% used wood stoves for cooking their food, 35.0% had electric device like TV and refrigerator. It was found that, 55.0% had feeding problems associated with their cleft lip and palate. Regarding monthly family income, it was found that, 33.3% had <10,000 taka as monthly family income. On the subject of fathers’ occupation, 36.6% were farmers, 58.3% of the mothers were housewife. Concerning education of father, 38.33% did not have any education, 53.3% of the mothers did not have any education. About 63.33% of the respondents’ fathers were in the age group of 20-35 years, 70.0% of the mothers were in the age group of 20-35 years. This study would help to assess the cleft lip and palate among the children and make their parents aware. J. Bio-Sci. 31(2): 35-43, 2023
Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a commonly used as a pesticide.B. thuringiensis is a naturally-occurring soil bacterium, also occurs naturally in the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies, as well as on the dark surface of plants.The xylanase producing bacterial strains were isolated from dump soil.The strains were isolated on xylan agar media and screening was carried out by xylanolysis method.To test the sensitivity of the isolates, ten different antibiotics were used.The strains were tested for resistance to doxycyclin, erythromycin, chloramphenical, cephallaxin, kanamycin, ampicillin, steptomycin, vancomycin, amoxycillin and neomycin.The strains showed sensitive to doxycyclin, erythromycin, chloramphenical, cephallaxin, kanamycin, ampicillin, steptomycin and vancomycin and also showed resistance to amoxycillin and neomycin, when tested by disc diffusion method on nutrient agar plate confirmed by antibiotic spread plate method.The inhibitory effect of B. thuringiensis strains against the test bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutca, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei and Pseudomonus aeruginosa examined.It was found that, B. thuringiensis S1, B. thuringiensis S2 and B. thuringiensis S3 strains showed an inhibitory effect on all of the test bacteria.
Objectives: This study focused on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx. Methods: In vitro methods were used to determine the different types of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx as well as its cytotoxic effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. In vivo, the antineoplastic effect of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was also evaluated by determining the viable tumor cell count, survival time, body weight gain, and hematological profi les of experimental mice along with observing morphological changes of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by fl uorescence microscopy and determining the expression of p53 gene in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Chemical composition of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: Flavonoid rich methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx had showed remarkable antioxidant activity and in in vitro assay, methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx had potent inhibitory effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 28.16 µg/mL. Apoptotic morphological changes and increased expression of p53 gene in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells derived from methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx-treated (5 and 10 mg/kg/day) mice were also observed. Moreover, chemical constituents identifi ed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses were likely related to this activity. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx has promising antioxidant and antineoplastic potential and can be considered as a probable new source for antitumor agent.
Abstract Plant biomass is the largest and amply available biomass on the earth. Petals of flowering plants serve as an excellent raw material to synthesize nanoparticles. Biologically prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered interest due to their simple and cost-effective green approach compared to chemical and physical methods. This investigation aimed to analyze the antibacterial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm properties of AgNPs synthesized from Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. petal extract and assess their potential as a stabilizing agent. A surface plasmon resonance peak at 421 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) range. Additionally, size and morphological studies of the AgNPs were obtained using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The identification of functional groups that are responsible for the stabilizing layer of AgNPs was achieved through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The antioxidant activity of synthesized AgNPs was investigated using the DPPH and ABTS radicals; the best performance was found in the scavenging of the DPPH radical, with an IC 50 value of 37.71 ± 0.07 μg/ml. AgNPs actively suppressed the growth of four pathogenic bacteria ( Shigella dysenteriae , Shigella boydii , Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli ). Notably, Escherichia coli biofilm formation was absent at 40 and 80 g/ml of AgNPs up to 96 h. Finally, the overall findings of this present study confirmed that the AgNPs prepared from Hibiscus Sabdariffa petal extract can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm preparations.
Objectives: In recent years, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much interest from researchers as biomedical treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine if AgNPs synthesized from Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. bark extract are an effective stabilizing agent and inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell growth. Methods: AgNPs were prepared by the reaction of 0.6mM silver nitrate and 5% bark extract. Synthesis of AgNPs were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy as well as characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. AgNPs was applied on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) experiments to determine its antioxidant activity as well as its cytotoxic effect against EAC cells. In vivo, the antineoplastic effect of AgNPs was tested against EAC cells. Results: The synthesized AgNPs have a surface plasmon resonance band centered at 475 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed major peaks of phytochemicals and proteins involved in AgNPs biosynthesis by identifying different functional groups involved in effective capping of AgNPs. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of AgNPs showed spherical nanoparticles with mean size 90.82 nm. The DPPH and ABTS assays revealed the antioxidant activity of AgNPs with IC50 31.74±2.06 and 15.45±2.72 μg/ml that was comparable to catechin. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited effective cytotoxic activity against EAC cells and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) was recorded at 32.00 µg/ml. AgNPs showed effective cell growth inhibition, increased life span, reduced tumor weight, restored all hematological characteristics to normal level and also induced apoptosis of EAC cells. Conclusion: This study proves that the phyto-synthesized AgNPs show effective anticancer properties against EAC cells.
Abstract Due to having a long history of traditional uses as a functional food, Zingiber zerumbet was selected here to explore the inherent antioxidant and antineoplastic activities of methanolic extract of its rhizome (MEZZR) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The rich polyphenol containing MEZZR showed a marked DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide radicals and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity with an IC 50 of 3.43 ± 1.25, 11.38 ± 1.39, 23.12 ± 3.39 and 16.47 ± 1.47 µg/ml, respectively, when compared to the standard catechin. In vivo, MEZZR significantly inhibited EAC cell growth, decreased body weight gain, increased life span and restored the altered hematological characteristics of EAC-bearing mice. Moreover, MEZZR induced nuclear condensation and fragmentation, which are notable features of apoptosis as observed by fluorescence microscopy after staining EAC cells of MEZZR-treated mice with Hoechst 33342. Additionally, in vitro, the cell growth inhibition caused by the MEZZR in MTT assay, was remarkably decreased in the presence of caspase-3, -8 and -9 inhibitors. This study thus suggests that MEZZR may possess promising antiproliferative efficacy against EAC cells by inducing cell apoptosis.
