Chloride additives for high performance perovskite solar cells, and the understanding of their roles from the viewpoint of their solubility, volatility, cation size and chemical groups.
Abstract Lignin is an effective low‐cost renewable reinforcement material for composite fibers at low concentration. In general, reinforcing synthetic polymeric fibers with high content lignin are preferred due to the fibers' enhanced sustainability. However, aggregation and disruption of fiber crystallinity often occurred at high lignin content, which often deteriorated fiber performance. Esterified hydrophilic lignin (modified lignin, ML) obtained from the esterification of organosolv lignin (OL) and D‐gluconic acid has good interaction with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix in gel‐spun fibers at low content. To investigate the effect of this ML on the structure and performance of high content lignin/PVA composite fibers at 30%, gel‐spun PVA fibers were prepared with different ratios of OL/ML (1/0, 2/1, 1/1, 1/2 and 0/1) in this work. The optimal mechanical performance was observed in 30% lignin mixture (OL/ML = 1/1) reinforced PVA fiber with a tensile strength of 1.1 GPa, modulus of 28 GPa, and toughness of 22 J g −1 , which were 50%, 60%, and 28% higher than that of 30% OL/PVA (OL/ML = 1/0) fiber, respectively. The excellent mechanical properties are mainly attributed to increased fiber crystallinity, molecular anisotropy, and interfacial bonding of the composite fibers.
Sediment bacterial communities are critical for the circulation of nutrients in lake ecosystems. However, the bacterial community function and co-occurrence models of lakes have not been studied in depth. In this study, we observed significant seasonal changes and non-significant spatial changes in the beta diversity and community structure of sediment bacteria in Lake Chaohu. Through linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), we observed that certain taxa (from phylum to genus) have consistent enrichment between seasons. The sudden appearance of a Firmicutes population in spring samples from the Zhaohe River, an estuary of Lake Chaohu, and the dominance of Firmicutes populations in other regions suggested that exogenous pollution and environmental induction strongly impacted the assembly of bacterial communities in the sediments. Several taxa that serve as intermediate centers in Co-occurrence network analysis (i.e., Pedosphaeraceae, Phycisphaeraceae, Anaerolineaceae, and Geobacteraceae) may play an important role in sediments. Furthermore, compared with previous studies of plants and animals, the results of our study suggest that various organisms, including microorganisms, are resistant to environmental changes and/or exogenous invasions, allowing them to maintain their community structure.
Abstract This article introduces the concept of a "nanoscale one-way valve" and its underlying principles, pointing out that permeation is a natural manifestation of the nanoscale one-way valve effect,the energy basis is the molecular thermal motion.Based on the principle and permeability mechanism of nanoscale one-way valve, the principle and method of zero-carbon emission reverse osmosis clean energy technology is proposed, the osmotic pressure difference is generated through the concentration regulation, and the spontaneous reverse osmosis is realized with the help of the spontaneous osmotic effect,intended to construct a one-way valve function,the disordered thermal motion of water molecules is converted into orderly motion, so that water can flow spontaneously water from low to high,to achieve the purpose of doing work directly taking energy from the thermal energy of water molecules without inputting energy,to achieve the goal of zero-carbon emission of clean energy. This paper introduces the experimental validation situation,The single valve can carry water about 2.8 meters high, which proves that the technical principle is feasible and the method is effective, which Capable of achieving water lifting without energy consumption. This research is a basic research, three basic breakthroughs were achieved:Reverses osmosis without energy consumption, let the water spontaneously flow from low to high, and using the heat of water for work without temperature difference. In the future, based on this principle and method,we will focus on this basis to improve work efficiency, which is expected to be practical quickly and achieve a new energy direction.There is no need for temperature difference, from the natural environment of water molecular heat energy can do work, inexhaustible, inexhaustible, do not consume energy resources, do not increase the temperature rise of the earth,zero-carbon emission , safe, clean and environmental protection, good economy.This study provides a new technical solution to effectively solve the focus problem of growing energy consumption and continuous global climate warming.
The development of earth-abundant, low cost, and versatile electrocatalysts for producing hydrogen from water electrolysis is still challenging. Herein, based on high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of transition metal phosphides, a CoP3 nanowire decorated with copper phosphides (denoted as CuPx ) nanodots structures synthesized through a simple and easily scalable precursor-transformation strategy is reported as a highly efficient HER catalyst. By decorating with CuPx nanodots, the optimized CoP3 nanowires electrode exhibits excellent catalytic activity and long-term durability for HER in alkaline conditions, achieving a low overpotential of 49.5 mV at a geometrical catalytic current density of 10 mA cm-2 with a small Tafel slope of 58.0 mV dec-1 , while also performing quite well in neutral and acidic media. Moreover, its overall performance exceeds most of the reported state-of-the-art catalysts, especially under high current density of 100 mA cm-2 , demonstrating its potential as a promising versatile pH universal electrocatalyst for efficient water electrolysis. These results indicate that the incorporation of earth-abundant stable element copper can significantly enhance catalytic activity, which widens the application range of copper and provides a new path for design and selection of HER catalysts.
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