M. de Wit

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

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E. Taralli

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

L. Gottardi

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

D. Vaccaro

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

J. R. Gao

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

K. Nagayoshi

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

H. Akamatsu

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

M. P. Bruijn

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

K. Ravensberg

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

J. van der Kuur

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

M. Ridder

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

Centre National d'Études Spatiales

National Institute for Astrophysics

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie

Goddard Space Flight Center

Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier

Tsinghua University

Université de Toulouse

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System Performance of a TDM Test-Bed with Long Flex Harness Toward the New X-IFU FPA-DM

Journal of Low Temperature Physics (2024)

D. Vaccaro M. de Wit J. van der Kuur L. Gottardi K. Ravensberg

Cryostat

NIST

Time-division multiplexing

10.1007/s10909-024-03088-z

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Citations (0)

Frequency shift algorithm: Application to a frequency-domain multiplexing readout of x-ray transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

Review of Scientific Instruments (2021)

D. Vaccaro H. Akamatsu J. van der Kuur Paul van der Hulst A. C. T. Nieuwenhuizen

In the frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) scheme, transition-edge sensors (TESs) are individually coupled to superconducting LC filters and AC biased at MHz frequencies through a common readout line. To make efficient use of the available readout bandwidth and to minimize the effect of non-linearities, the LC resonators are usually designed to be on a regular grid. The lithographic processes, however, pose a limit on the accuracy of the effective filter resonance frequencies. Off-resonance bias carriers could be used to suppress the impact of intermodulation distortions, which, nonetheless, would significantly affect the effective bias circuit and the detector spectral performance. In this paper, we present a frequency shift algorithm (FSA) to allow off-resonance readout of TESs, while preserving the on-resonance bias circuit and spectral performance, demonstrating its application to the FDM readout of an x-ray TES microcalorimeter array. We discuss the benefits in terms of mitigation of the impact of intermodulation distortions at the cost of increased bias voltage and the scalability of the algorithm to multi-pixel FDM readout. We show that with FSA, in the multi-pixel and frequencies shifted on-grid, the line noises due to intermodulation distortion are placed away from the sensitive region in the TES response and the x-ray performance is consistent with the single-pixel, on-resonance level.

Transition edge sensor

Biasing

10.1063/5.0032011

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Citations (8)

High aspect ratio transition edge sensors for x-ray spectrometry

Journal of Applied Physics (2020)

M. de Wit L. Gottardi E. Taralli K. Nagayoshi M. Ridder

We are developing large Transition Edge Sensor (TES) arrays in combination with a frequency domain multiplexing readout for the next generation of X-ray space observatories. For operation under an AC-bias, the TESs have to be carefully designed and optimized. In particular, the use of high aspect ratio devices will help us to mitigate non-ideal behavior due to the weak-link effect. In this paper, we present a full characterization of a TES array containing five different device geometries, with aspect ratios (width:length) ranging from 1:2 up to 1:6. The complex impedance of all geometries is measured in different bias configurations to study the evolution of the small-signal limit superconducting transition parameters α and β, as well as the excess noise. We show that high aspect ratio devices with properly tuned critical temperatures (around 90 mK) can achieve excellent energy resolution, with an array average of 2.03±0.17 eV at 5.9 keV and a best achieved resolution of 1.63±0.17 eV. This demonstrates that AC-biased TESs can achieve a very competitive performance compared to DC-biased TESs. The results have motivated a push to even more extreme device geometries currently in development.

Ranging

Aspect ratio (aeronautics)

Transition edge sensor

10.1063/5.0029669

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Citations (14)

Hybrid PIV/PTV measurements of velocity and position distributions of gas-conveyed particles in small, narrow channels

AIChE Journal (2015)

Martin W. Korevaar Johan T. Padding N.G. Deen J.A.M. Kuipers Jue Wang

Pneumatic conveying of particles is generally applied in large ducts. However, new applications are emerging which benefit from millimeter-sized ducts; for example, triboelectric separators where intensive wall-particle contact is desirable. An optical method is proposed to measure the distribution of the position and velocity of 100–1000 μm particles in such narrow ducts. Images of the system are captured using a digital camera on which a Hough transform is applied to detect the particles and their positions. The velocities are acquired by applying a hybrid particle tracking and particle image velocimetry approach. This made it is possible to overcome challenges caused by suboptimal lighting, nonsmooth background, and a large ratio between particle and duct diameter . It is shown that the algorithm is subpixel accurate when sufficient particles can be sampled. Finally, typical results are shown to illustrate the method's capabilities. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3616–3627, 2015

Particle tracking velocimetry

Particle (ecology)

Position (finance)

Tracking (education)

Subpixel rendering

10.1002/aic.14928

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Citations (5)

Modifying sensory perception of chocolate coated rice waffles through bite-to-bite contrast: an application case study using 3D inkjet printing

Food & Function (2020)

Sicong Zhu Marieke Ribberink M. de Wit Maarten A.I. Schutyser Markus Stieger

The sweetness of chocolate coated rice waffles can be modified by bite-to-bite variation in chocolate thickness. 3D inkjet printing allows the production of foods with bite-to-bite contrast, which possibly might be used for healthier food product design.

Sweetness

3d printed

10.1039/d0fo01787f

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Citations (23)

Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy at milliKelvin Temperatures

Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2018)

M. de Wit G. Welker Marc de Voogd J. J. T. Wagenaar Arthur den Haan

Scanning Force Microscopy

Source

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Citations (0)

Background rates of x-ray transition-edge sensor micro-calorimeters under a frequency domain multiplexing readout for solar axion-like particles’ detection

Review of Scientific Instruments (2023)

D. Vaccaro L. Gottardi H. Akamatsu J. van der Kuur K. Nagayoshi

We report on the x-ray background rate measured with transition-edge sensors (TES) micro-calorimeters under frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) readout as a possible technology for future experiments aiming at a direct detection of axion-like particles. Future axion helioscopes will make use of large magnets to convert axions into photons in the keV range and x-ray detectors to observe them. To achieve this, a detector array with high spectral performance and extremely low background is necessary. TES are single-photon, non-dispersive, high-resolution micro-calorimeters and represent a possible candidate for this application. We have been developing x-ray TES micro-calorimeters and an FDM readout technology in the framework of the space-borne x-ray astronomical observatories. We show that the current generation of our detectors is already a promising technology for a possible axion search experiment, having measured an x-ray background rate of 2.2(2) × 10−4 cm−2 s−1 keV−1 with a cryogenic demonstrator not optimized for this specific application. We then make a prospect to further improve the background rate down to the required value (<10−7 cm−2 s−1 keV−1) for an axion-search experiment, identifying no fundamental limits to reach such a level.

Transition edge sensor

Photon Counting

10.1063/5.0142367

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Ti/Au TES 32 × 32 Pixel Array: Uniformity, Thermal Crosstalk and Performance at Different X-Ray Energies

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2021)

E. Taralli Matteo D’Andrea L. Gottardi Kenishiro Nagayoshi M. Ridder

Large format arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) are crucial for the next generation of X-ray space observatories. Such arrays are required to achieve an energy resolution of ΔE <; 3 eV full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) in the soft X-ray energy range. We are currently developing X-ray microcalorimeter arrays as a backup option for the X-IFU instrument on board of ATHENA space telescope, led by ESA and foreseen to be launched in 2031. In this contribution, we report on the development and the characterization of a uniform 32 × 32 pixel array with (length × width) 140 × 30 μm$^2$ TiAu TESs, which have a 2.3 μm thick Au absorber for X-ray photons. The pixels have a typical normal resistance R _n = 121 mΩ and a critical temperature T _c ~ 90 mK. We performed extensive measurements on 60 pixels out of the array in order to show the uniformity of the array. We obtained an energy resolutions between 2.4 and 2.6 eV (FWHM) at 5.9 keV, measured in a single-pixel mode at AC bias frequencies ranging from 1 to 5 MHz, with a frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) readout system, which is developed at SRON/VTT. We also present the detector energy resolution at X-ray with different photon energies generated by a modulated external X-ray source from 1.45 keV up to 8.9 keV. Multiplexing readout across several pixels has also been performed to evaluate the impact of the thermal crosstalk to the instrument's energy resolution budget requirement. This value results in a derived requirement, for the first neighbour, that is less than 1 × 10 ^-3 when considering the ratio between the amplitude of the crosstalk signal to an X-ray pulse (for example at 5.9 keV).

Crosstalk

10.1109/tasc.2021.3061022

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Citations (6)

Probing the Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time at the Nanoscale

Physical Review Applied (2016)

J. J. T. Wagenaar A. M. J. den Haan Jan Voogd Lucia Bossoni Tobias A. de Jong

The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ is an important probe of the electronic properties of solids, but here traditional NMR methods struggle due to weak signals, so advanced tools like magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) are needed. The authors extend high-resolution MRFM to measure ${T}_{1}$ at a temperature of 42 mK, a 100-fold improvement, with a 1000-fold increase in volume sensitivity. This opens up the possibility to measure the magnetic properties of oxide interfaces, topological insulators, high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors, and other strongly correlated electron systems.

Lattice (music)

10.1103/physrevapplied.6.014007

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Citations (10)

Analysis of electrostatic powder charging for fractionation of foods

Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies (2014)

Jue Wang M. de Wit Maarten A.I. Schutyser Remko M. Boom

Particle (ecology)

Electric charge

Charge density

Polystyrene

Separation process

10.1016/j.ifset.2014.06.011

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Citations (64)