Mushroom (shiitake) extracts were dispersed with lecithin micelles to prepare superfine particles (0.05 to 0.2 μm in diameter) of β-1,3-glucan (micellary mushroom extracts). When mice were fed with these micelles of β-glucan (0.75 mg/day/mouse, smaller amounts of β-glucan), the number of lymphocytes yielded by the small intestine increased by up to 40%. More interestingly, the ratio of CD8αβ+TCRαβ+ cells/CD8αα+TCRαβ+ cells increased prominently. In parallel with this deviation in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets, tumor cytotoxicity against P815 cells and cytokine productions were also augmented. In other words, phylogenetically developed lymphocytes (CD8αβ+, TCRαβ+) were much more effectively activated by the oral administration of micellary β-glucan. These results suggest that smaller amounts of micellary β-glucan might be useful for the potentiation of intestinal immunity.
A mouse cDNA encoding Mer, homologous to enhancer of rudirnenrarjv (e(r)) in Dr0s0phila melmzogaster was identified in a thymocyte cDNA library.The cDNA was 754 bp in length and had an open reading frame encoding 104 amino acids.The protein sequence deduced from the cDNA was 12,258.8 in molecular weight.The peptide is highty analogous to e(1") of the insect gene because about 81% of the amino acids were conserved between mouse and fly (81 residues were identical and other 5 amino acids were conserved).Northern blot analysis showed that the gene was expressed in all mouse tissues examined.Southern blot suggests that the gene of the cDNA is multiple.
Since many top swimmers wearing Speedo LZR Racer swimsuits have broken world records, it is considered that the corset-like grip of suit supports the swimmers to maintain flexibility of movement and reducing water resistance. We propose an alternative mechanism to explain this phenomenon. The suits are so tight that the blood circulation of swimmers is suppressed. This effect accelerates the anaerobic glycolysis system but rather suppresses the aerobic mitochondrial respiration system. Because of the prompt production of ATP in the glycolysis system, the swimmers, especially in short distance competitions, obtain instantaneous force in white fibers of the skeletal muscles.
A cDNA clone specific for rat ribosomal protein S 11 was isolated by hybrid-selected translation from the cDNA library made for 8-9 S poly(A) RNA from regenerating rat liver.Since this cDNA had not enough length, another clone was selected by colony hybridization using a fragment of isolated cDNA as a probe.The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was determined.The sequence contains 2 base pairs from the 5' noncoding region, the entire coding region of 477 base pairs, and the 3' noncoding region of 55 base pairs besides the poly(A) tail.The primary structure of the protein S 11 was deduced from the nucleotide sequence.It consists of 157 amino acids.Its molecular weight is 18,299.The calculated amino acid composition is consistent with the reported composition of S l l determined on the protein hydrolysate.The amino acid sequence showed a marked homology with that of S16 of Halobacterium cutirubrum and an appreciable homology with that of S17 of Escherichia coli.
A cDNA clone specific for rat ribosomal protein S26 was isolated by a positive hybridization translation assay from a cDNA library made for 8-9S poly(A)mRNA from regenerating rat liver. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was determined. The sequence contains 23 base pairs in the 5′ noncoding region, 345 base pairs in the protein coding region and 67 base pairs in the 3′ noncoding region besides the poly(A) tail. The primary structure of the protein S26 was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. It consists of 115 amino acids. Its molecular weight is 13,015 and its pI is about 11.1. The calculated amino acid composition is consistent with the reported composition of S26. From the results of Southern blot analysis, the protein S26 appears to have multiple genes.
We constructed cDNA libraries from 8‐9‐S poly(A)‐rich RNA from regenerating rat liver, isolated clones specific for ribosomal protein L27 and determined the nucleotide sequences of the cDNA clones. The longest cDNA consists of 15 base pairs from the 5′ leading sequence, the entire coding sequence of 411 base pairs, and the 3′ trailing sequence of 59 base pairs including the poly(A) tail. The primary structure of protin L27 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides. Protein L27 contains 135 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 15666 Da. The amino‐terminal sequence agreed well with the published partial amino acid sequence and the calculated amino acid composition is also consistent with the reported composition determined for the hydrolyzate of L27.
