Objective
To explore the effect of the expressive psychotherapy on the feeling of inadequacy and loneliness of inpatients with chronic schizophrenia.
Methods
Totally 120 chronic schizophrenia inpatients met recruited criteria were randomly divided into study group(n=60) and control group(n=60) according to random number table.57 patients in each group finished all the follow-ups finally.The patients in two groups were received normal medications while the patients in intervention group also attended expressive psychotherapy.All the patients were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment with the feeling of inadequacy scale (FIS) and the status and trait loneliness scale (STLS).
Results
(1) The FIS score(F=225.19, P<0.01), STLS total score(F=225.20, P<0.01), STLS status score(F=240.40, P<0.01) and STLS trait score(F=106.75, P<0.01) decreased significantly in both groups after intervention.(2) The FIS score of study group was much lower than those of control group at the at 6-week-follow-up(4.93±20.86, 57.89±20.48, t=-2.250, P<0.01) and 12-week-follow-up(38.43±17.50, 57.21±22.98, t=-4.900, P<0.01). (3) After 6 weeks treatment and 12 weeks treatment, STLS total score(6 weeks: (54.32±12.30) vs (68.46±15.53), t=-5.425, P<0.01, 12 weeks: (44.16±10.81) vs (65.75±16.26), t=-8.386, P<0.01), STLS status score (6 weeks: (25.95±6.41) vs (34.31±7.91), t=-6.239, P<0.01, 12 weeks: (19.15±5.49) vs (32.58±8.45), t=-10.103, P<0.01) and STLS trait score (6 weeks: (28.37±6.73) vs (34.15±8.45), t=-4.138, P<0.01, 12 weeks: (25.00±6.18) vs (33.15±8.22), t=-6.019, P<0.01) in study group were lower than those in control group, and the difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion
Expressive psychotherapy can effectively improve the loneliness and inadequacy of patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Key words:
Expressive psychotherapy; Schizophrenia; Loneliness; Feelings of inadequacy
Objective
To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of internet-based structured group cognitive behavior therapy (I-GCBT) in patients with mild depressive disorder.
Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, based on a random number table which was generated from spss20.0, 96 patients with mild depressive disorder were randomized to I-GCBT(n=64) and face-to-face group cognitive behavior therapy(GCBT, n=32). I-GCBT and GCBT patients were assessed by HAMD17, HAMA, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, GAF and 16 Items Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report, QIDS-SR16 at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. The differences between I-GCBT and GCBT were analyzed by repetitive measure analysis of variance and chi-square test.
Results
(1)There was no significant difference between I-GCBT and GCBT on demographics, duration of past depression history, baseline of HAMD17, GAF and QIDS-SR16, but a significantly higher HAMA seen in GCBT (t=-2.08, P=0.04). (2) The interaction of times and groups was significant in GAF (F=4.09, P 0.05; F=0.95, P>0.05; F=0.64, P>0.05). In all measurement scales, Time main effects were significant (HAMD17: F=32.81, P<0.01; HAMA: F=20.86, P<0.01; GAF: F=105.98, P<0.01; QIDS-SR16: F=25.27, P<0.01). The symptoms remission rate of the overall patients was 62% (43/69) after 12 weeks treatment, lower in I-GCBT (57%, 25/44) and higher in GCBT (72%, 18/25). There was no significant difference between two groups (χ2=1.57, P=0.21). (3) The overall dropout rate was 26% during the 12-weeks treatment specifically 29%(15/51) in I-GCBT and 20%(6/30) in GCBT without significant difference in-between (χ2=0.87, P=0.35). 97%(58/60) patients rated the treatment as acceptable (I-GCBT: 97%(35/36), GCBT: 96% (23/24)), and the difference of acceptability between two groups was not significant (χ2=0.09, P=0.78).
Conclusion
The effectiveness and feasibility of I-GCBT are comparable to GCBT for mild depressive disorder. And the treatment adherence of I-GCBT seems good.
Key words:
Cognitive therapy; Group structure; Depression; Evaluation studies; Feasibility studies
Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by islet α cells. It plays crucial roles in glucose homeostasis and metabolism by activating its cognate glucagon receptor (GCGR). A naturally occurring deleterious mutation V368M in the human GCGR leads to reduced ligand binding and down-regulation of glucagon signaling. To examine the association between this mutation and metabolic disorders, a knock-in mouse model bearing homozygous V369M substitution (equivalent to human V368M) in GCGR was made using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. These GcgrV369M+/+ mice displayed lower fasting blood glucose levels with improved glucose tolerance compared with wild-type controls. They also exhibited hyperglucagonemia, pancreas enlargement and α cell hyperplasia with a lean phenotype. Additionally, V369M mutation resulted in a reduction in adiposity with normal body weight and food intake. Our findings suggest a key role of V369M/V368M mutation in GCGR-mediated glucose homeostasis and pancreatic functions, thereby pointing to a possible interplay between GCGR defect and metabolic disorders.
Background: To explore aortic stiffness measured by carotid femoral-pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) at different stages of normal glucose, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The literature comparing aortic stiffness (AS) with cf-PWV between DM and non-DM samples was systematically retrieved from Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the literature. The primary endpoint was the mean difference (MD) of cf-PWV between the normal glucose and DM samples and normal glucose and prediabetes samples. The secondary endpoints were the MD of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (cr-PWV). Aggregated MD and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. When the I2 value was >50% or p < 0.01, the heterogeneity was considered large, and the random-effect model was used; otherwise, the fixed-effect model was used. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the source of heterogeneity, and a funnel plot and the regression Egger test was utilized to assess the publication bias. Results: A total of 37 studies were finally enrolled. Samples with DM had a higher cf-PWV value and cIMT value than those without DM, and the differences were statistically significant. The cr-PWV measurements tended to be higher in the DM group than in the non-DM group, but the difference was not significant. Samples with prediabetes also had a significantly higher cf-PWV value than samples with normal glucose. Conclusions: Samples with DM and prediabetes were associated with a higher cf-PWV value, indicating that DM patients had a higher central AS. Central AS progresses at the prediabetes stage. These data provide insight into understanding the mechanism of adverse effects of DM and prediabetes on artery stiffness.
Significance The high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the human parathyroid hormone receptor 2 (PTH2R), in complex with an endogenous tuberoinfundibular peptide (TIP39) and a heterotrimeric G s protein, reveals that the unique loop conformation at the N terminus of TIP39 is indispensable for PTH2R activation, as the deletion of which results in a potent PTH2R antagonist TIP(7-39). The naturally occurring mutation G258D impairs the receptor signaling such as cAMP accumulation. This finding provides a potential molecular mechanism for syndromic short stature.
This study aimed to explore the mechanism of venlafaxine in regulating the apoptosis of SHSY-5Y cells induced by hypoxia.The CoCl2-induced neuronal hypoxia model was established based on SHSY-5Y cells. The morphology and related protein expression of SHSY-5Y cells were detected by qPCR, ELISA and Western blot.Under the condition of hypoxia-induced by CoCl2, the expression of HIF-1α in SHSY-5Y cells was up-regulated and the expression of β-catenin was down-regulated. After adding siRNA targeting HIF-1 α to the culture cell system, down-regulation of β -catenin expression in SHSY-5Y cells was restored. This confirmed the existence of the "hypoxia-HIF-1α-Wnt/β-catenin-depression" axis. Further studies have shown that venlafaxine can alleviate neuronal apoptosis induced by hypoxia by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Venlafaxine regulates apoptosis induced by hypoxia through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of depression.
Soil is the largest carbon pool, and our understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) has been enhanced due to its role in mitigating climate change. However, fundamental uncertainty remains about the quantitative importance of tunnel excavation, one of the most common practices for road construction in mountainous areas, on the SOC dynamics. Therefore, the short-term effects of tunnel construction on SOC and its fraction, soil microbial carbon, and soil enzyme activity within 0–20 cm in two shrublands (dominated by Quercus aquifolioides and mixed with Q. aquifolioides, Rhododendron phaeochrysum and Betula platyphylla, respectively) in Eastern Tibet Plateau were investigated. The results showed that, regardless of vegetation type, SOC, dissolved organic carbon, and easily oxidizable carbon were 27.14 ± 2.87, 6.70 ± 0.74, and 0.29 ± 0.10 g kg−1 for tunnel-affected area of Q. aquifolioides and 47.96 ± 17.89, 11.19 ± 2.92, and 0.24 ± 0.04 g kg−1 for the mixture of Q. aquifolioides, R. phaeochrysum, and B. platyphylla, respectively. The values were not significantly different from those of tunnel unaffected areas (p > 0.05). Similarly, soil enzymes (except cellulase) were not significantly different between tunnel-affected and unaffected areas (p > 0.05), indicating that tunnel construction had a minor impact on the SOC fractions and soil enzymes in the early stage. The unchanged SOC and enzyme activities may be associated with no changes in vegetation production and soil water content in tunnel-affected areas. However, vegetation type had a significant impact on SOC and its fractions and soil enzymes (p < 0.05), demonstrating the importance of vegetation control on the SOC fraction and soil enzymes. This study would be one of the earliest studies to explore the effects of tunnel construction on soil carbon dynamics based on field experiment, which could provide a new concept on environmental sustainability during tunnel construction. However, a long-term study is encouraged to detect the effects of tunnel construction SOC and soil enzymes in the future.
ABSTRACT The Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB), the world's highest plateau river, possesses a particularly fragile ecosystem, making it highly vulnerable to global climate change. Understanding changes in YLZB habitat quality and their driving mechanisms is crucial for ecological protection and sustainable development in the region. Based on land use data from 2000 to 2020, we conducted a quantitative study on the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of habitat quality in the YLZB. This study employed habitat quality model, Land Use Transition Matrix, optimal parameter geographical detector, and partial least squares structural equation model (PLS‐SEM). The results show that: (1) Forests, grasslands, and unused land account for 94.14% of the basin area. The areas of unused land, forest land, and water bodies have continuously increased, while the areas of grasslands, permanent glaciers, and snowfields have continuously decreased. The decline was most pronounced from 2005 to 2010. (2) The habitat quality in the study area is higher in the southeast and lower in the west. The area of degraded habitats is significantly larger than that of improved habitats. (3) NDVI, elevation, and annual average temperature are key factors affecting changes in habitat quality. Elevation indirectly affects NDVI by influencing climate conditions, leading to a decline in habitat quality. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding ecological trends in YLZB habitat quality, it provides new insights into the intrinsic driving mechanisms in high‐altitude regions, and it offers theoretical support for relevant departments to implement sustainable management and conservation efforts.
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