Abstract Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of aspergillosis, associated with high mortality rates, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. In search of novel genetic targets against aspergillosis, we studied the WOPR transcription factor OsaA. Deletion of the osaA gene resulted in colony growth reduction. Conidiation is also influenced by osaA ; both osaA deletion and overexpression resulted in a decrease in spore production. Wild-type expression levels of osaA are necessary for expression of the conidiation regulatory genes brlA , abaA and wetA . In addition, osaA is necessary for normal cell wall integrity. Furthermore, deletion of osaA resulted in a reduction in the ability of A. fumigatus to adhere to surfaces, decreased thermotolerance, as well as increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Metabolomics analysis indicated that osaA deletion or overexpression led to alterations in the production of multiple secondary metabolites, including gliotoxin. This was accompanied by changes in the expression of genes in the corresponding secondary metabolite gene clusters. These effects could be, at least in part, due to the observed reduction in the expression levels of the veA and laeA global regulators when the osaA locus was altered. Importantly, our study shows that osaA is indispensable for virulence in both the neutropenic and corticosteroid-immunosuppressed mouse models.
Six generations, viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 of crosses SPY 346 x SPY 351, 2219 B x CS 3541 and Vidisha 60-1 x CS 3541 were grown at Indore. Significant differences were observed among the generation means for root CEC. Estimates of six components of generation means, viz., m, d, h, i, j and l were obtained for grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and root CEC. Additive gene effects alone were important for root CEC of the cross Vidisha 60-1 x CS 3541. On the other hand, nonadditive gene effects were predominant for root CEC in the remaining two crosses. Only additive gene effects governed the inheritance of grain yield in the cross Spy 346 x SPY 351. However, for the cross 2219 B x CS 3541, the estimate of h was many times higher than for other components. For 1000-grain weight, predominant gene effects were nonadditive.
Analysis of data on grain yield/plant, 1000-grain weight and grain number/panicle in 6 sorghum genotypes with 0, 10, 15 or 20 primary branches removed from the panicle indicated that removal of 10 to 15 primary branches gave an increase in grain size without a significant decline in grain number or yield. It is suggested that in handling segregating material, selection could be based on bolder grains with slightly fewer grains/panicle.ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT:In trials with 6 sorghum cv., the removal of 10-15 primary branches randomly from a panicle soon after its emergence decreased the number of grains but increased their size; grain yield was not decreased. Yield was decreased after removing 20 branches
FARMERS have been growing two or more crops on the ame price of land for centuries. In India, as many as84 different crops are grown in mixed cropping but seldom do we find 2 or 3 crops in common...
Seven genotypes of sorghum, viz., PS 14413, PS 14454, E 503, E 602, SPV 346, Gwalior 304 aad 2219 B, were crossed In half-diallel fashion in the rainy season of 1984 at Indore. The first four genotypes are known for their resistance to Atherigona soccata Rond. Observations were recorded on number of eggs laid by shootfly and dead hearts 14, 21 and 28 days after crop emergence. Combining ability analysis pooled over three dates revealed that, in addition to the significance of mean squares for gca and sca, the mean squares for gca × dates were also significant for both characters. PS 14413 and PS 14454 emerged as desirable combiners. Cross PS 14413 × E 602 was considered as desirable by virtue of its per se performance and sca effect.
SINCE hybrid seed production is a very remunerative affair and it incurs lot of expenditure also, the site
for seed production should be very carefully chosen. The land should be well drained. Jowar does not tolerate
waterlogging for a long time. The pH should be around 5.5 to 8.5. High pH may cause sterility in the female...
ABSTRACT Velvet proteins, as well as the epigenetic regulator LaeA, are conserved in numerous fungal species, where, in response to environmental cues, they control several crucial cellular processes, including sexual and asexual morphogenesis, secondary metabolism, response to oxidative stress, and virulence. During the last two decades, knowledge of their mechanism of action as well as understanding their functional roles, has greatly increased, particularly in Aspergillus species. Research efforts from multiple groups followed, leading to the characterization of other Velvet and LaeA homologs in species of other fungal genera, including important opportunistic plant and animal pathogens. This review focuses mainly on the current knowledge of the role of Velvet and LaeA function in fungal pathogenesis. Velvet proteins and LaeA are unique to fungi, and for this reason, additional knowledge of these critical regulatory proteins will be important in the development of targeted control strategies to decrease the detrimental impact of fungal pathogens capable of causing disease in plants and animals.
Seven varieties of sorghum of diverse origin were crossed in a diallel fashion. Tannin in the grain was estimated using Folin-Davis method. Additive genetic variance was found to predominantly govern the inheritance of tannin in grain. IS 9327, 555 and CSV-3 were desirable combiners.
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