Sirin Theerawatanasirikul

Kasetsart University

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Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

Kasetsart University

Ploypailin Semkum

Kasetsart University

Nattarat Thangthamniyom

Kasetsart University

Gunnaporn Suriyaphol

Chulalongkorn University

Varanya Lueangaramkul

Kasetsart University

Achariya Sailasuta

Chulalongkorn University

Penpitcha Chankeeree

Kasetsart University

Nantawan Phecharat

Kasetsart University

Autchara Kayan

Kasetsart University

Chaiwat Boonkaewwan

Walailak University

Cooperative Institutions

Kasetsart University

Mahidol University

Chulalongkorn University

Department of Livestock Development

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

National Science and Technology Development Agency

Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit

Siriraj Hospital

Ramathibodi Hospital

National Institute of Animal Health

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Predicting dog tracheal diameter and length: A tool for improved intubation

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research (2024)

Maneenooch Khiao In Suppada Kananub Tepyuda Sritrakul Pattarawadee Thamsatit Sirin Theerawatanasirikul

Objective: This study aims to develop formulas for estimating tracheal diameter and length in dogs using easily measurable anatomical parameters. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 20 dogs of various breeds, comprising 10 males and 10 females, sourced from cadavers. The measured parameters included occipital tuberosity to tail base (OT), eye angle to ear tragus, nose to ear tragus, inner vertical diameters (IVD), and tracheal length (TL). The study conducted correlation and linear regression analyses, and subsequently, the formulated models underwent validation using 16 live dogs. The results were compared to radiographic measurements. Results: Linear regression recommended formulas based on OT, resulting in IVD (mm) = 0.203 × OT – 3.724 (r2 = 0.608, p < 0.001) and TL (cm) = 0.346 × OT–3.773 (r2 = 0.837, p < 0.001). The predicted tracheal diameter and length from formulas were slightly smaller than radiographic measurements (IVD = 2.76 ± 1.85 mm, p < 0.0001 and TL = 2.07 ± 1.81 cm, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These formulas offer a practical way to estimate tracheal dimensions in live dogs, facilitating the selection of suitable endotracheal tube sizes and insertion depth. Further studies with larger sample sizes and consistent measurement methods can enhance the accuracy of these findings.

Endotracheal tube

10.5455/javar.2024.k780

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In silico and in vitro analysis of small molecules and natural compounds targeting the 3CL protease of feline infectious peritonitis virus

Antiviral Research (2019)

Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Chih‐Jung Kuo Nanthawan Phetcharat Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

Feline infectious peritonitis

10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104697

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Citations (36)

Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Decrease Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Blocking the Viral 3Dpol

Viruses (2022)

Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Ploypailin Semkum Varanya Lueangaramkul Penpitcha Chankeeree Nattarat Thangthamniyom

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), an economically important pathogen of cloven-hoofed livestock, is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus classified in the Picornaviridae family. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses is highly conserved. Compounds that bind to the RdRp active site can block viral replication. Herein, we combined double virtual screenings and cell-based antiviral approaches to screen and identify potential inhibitors targeting FMDV RdRp (3Dpol). From 5596 compounds, the blind- followed by focus-docking filtered 21 candidates fitting in the 3Dpol active sites. Using the BHK-21 cell-based assay, we found that four compounds-NSC217697 (quinoline), NSC670283 (spiro compound), NSC292567 (nigericin), and NSC65850-demonstrated dose-dependent antiviral actions in vitro with the EC50 ranging from 0.78 to 3.49 µM. These compounds could significantly block FMDV 3Dpol activity in the cell-based 3Dpol inhibition assay with small IC50 values ranging from 0.8 nM to 0.22 µM without an effect on FMDV's main protease, 3Cpro. The 3Dpol inhibition activities of the compounds were consistent with the decreased viral load and negative-stranded RNA production in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusively, we have identified potential FMDV 3Dpol inhibitors that bound within the enzyme active sites and blocked viral replication. These compounds might be beneficial for FMDV or other picornavirus treatment.

Picornavirus

10.3390/v15010124

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Citations (7)

Identification of Conserved Linear Epitopes on Viral Protein 2 of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O by Monoclonal Antibodies 6F4.D11.B6 and 8D6.B9.C3

Antibodies (2024)

Wantanee Tommeurd Kanyarat Thueng-in Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Nongnaput Tuyapala Sukontip Poonsuk

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals with a significant economic impact. Early diagnosis and effective prevention and control could reduce the spread of the disease which could possibly minimize economic losses. Epitope characterization based on monoclonal antibodies provide essential information for developing diagnostic assays and vaccine designs. In this study, monoclonal antibodies raised against FMD virus (FMDV) were produced. Sixty-six monoclonal antibodies demonstrated strong reactivity and specificity to FMDV. The purified monoclonal antibodies were further used for bio-panning to select phage expressing specific epitopes from phage-displayed 12 mer-peptide library. The phage peptide sequences were analyzed using multiple sequence alignment and evaluated by peptide ELISA. Two hybridoma clones secreted monoclonal antibodies recognizing linear epitopes on VP2 of FMDV serotype O. The non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody 6F4.D11.B6 recognized the residues 67–78 on antigenic site 2 resinding in VP2, while the neutralizing monoclonal antibody 8D6.B9.C3 recognized a novel linear epitope encompassing residues 115–126 on VP2. This information and the FMDV-specific monoclonal antibodies provide valuable sources for further study and application in diagnosis, therapeutics and vaccine designs to strengthen the disease prevention and control measures.

Epitope mapping

Conformational epitope

Panning (audio)

Mimotope

Linear epitope

10.3390/antib13030067

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Antiviral mechanisms of sorafenib against foot-and-mouth disease virus via c-RAF and AKT/PI3K pathways

Veterinary Research Communications (2023)

Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Varanya Lueangaramkul Ploypailin Semkum Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

Viral life cycle

Viral protein

10.1007/s11259-023-10211-0

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Citations (5)

Structural-based virtual screening and in vitro assays for small molecules inhibiting the feline coronavirus 3CL protease as a surrogate platform for coronaviruses

Antiviral Research (2020)

Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Chih‐Jung Kuo Nantawan Phecharat Jullada Chootip Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk

Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis

Coronaviridae

Cytopathic effect

Antiviral drug

10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104927

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Citations (13)

Histologic morphology and involucrin, filaggrin, and keratin expression in normal canine skin from dogs of different breeds and coat types

Journal of Veterinary Science (2012)

Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Gunnaporn Suriyaphol Roongroje Thanawongnuwech Achariya Sailasuta

The purpose of this study was to measure the thickness of canine epidermis at various anatomical sites according to localization of cornified envelopes (involucrin and filaggrin), keratins (keratin 10, 5), and their mRNA expression.This was done in the skin of five breeds of dogs including seven poodles, six golden retrievers, six Shih Tzus, four pugs, and four Labrador retrievers.Epidermal thickness of the stratum corneum and nucleated epidermal layer was significantly different.The greatest thickness was observed in the digital web area and the thinnest epidermis was in the axilla.Epidermal thickness was also significantly different between the breeds (p ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemical staining scores revealed significant decreases of involucrin, filaggrin, and keratin 10 in the ventral and weight-bearing sites, and a relative increase of keratin 5 (p ＜ 0.05).q-PCR analysis showed that their the levels of mRNA were positively correlated with expression of the corresponding proteins in skin samples (p ＜ 0.05).The present study is the first to report the relationship between epidermal gene expression and histologic morphology of the skin in normal dogs.Further studies will be essential to fully understand the pathogenesis of skin barrier dysfunctions in canines.

Coat

Epidermis (zoology)

Stratum granulosum

Loricrin

Keratin 6A

10.4142/jvs.2012.13.2.163

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Citations (14)

Small Molecules Targeting 3C Protease Inhibit FMDV Replication and Exhibit Virucidal Effect in Cell-Based Assays

Viruses (2023)

Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Varanya Lueangaramkul Achiraya Pantanam Natjira Mana Ploypailin Semkum

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals, caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). It is endemic in Asia and Africa but spreads sporadically throughout the world, resulting in significant losses in the livestock industry. Effective anti-FMDV therapeutics could be a supportive control strategy. Herein, we utilized computer-aided, structure-based virtual screening to filter lead compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) diversity and mechanical libraries using FMDV 3C protease (3Cpro) as the target. Seven hit compounds were further examined via cell-based antiviral and intracellular protease assays, in which two compounds (NSC116640 and NSC332670) strongly inhibited FMDV, with EC50 values at the micromolar level of 2.88 µM (SI = 73.15) and 5.92 µM (SI = 11.11), respectively. These compounds could inactivate extracellular virus directly in a virucidal assay by reducing 1.00 to 2.27 log TCID50 of the viral titers in 0–60 min. In addition, the time-of-addition assay revealed that NSC116640 inhibited FMDV at the early stage of infection (0–8 h), while NSC332670 diminished virus titers when added simultaneously at infection (0 h). Both compounds showed good FMDV 3Cpro inhibition with IC50 values of 10.85 µM (NSC116640) and 4.21 µM (NSC332670). The molecular docking of the compounds on FMDV 3Cpro showed their specific interactions with amino acids in the catalytic triad of FMDV 3Cpro. Both preferentially reacted with enzymes and proteases in physicochemical and ADME analysis studies. The results revealed two novel small molecules with antiviral activities against FMDV and probably related picornaviruses.

10.3390/v15091887

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Citations (3)

Dynein light chain DYNLL1 subunit facilitates porcine circovirus type 2 intracellular transports along microtubules

Archives of Virology (2016)

Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Nantawan Phecharat Chaiwat Prawettongsopon Wanpen Chaicumpa Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

Circovirus

10.1007/s00705-016-3140-0

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Citations (12)

Virtual Screening of Natural Compounds Targeting Proteases of Coronaviruses and Picornaviruses

Methods in pharmacology and toxicology (2021)

Sirin Theerawatanasirikul Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

Viral protease plays an essential role in viral replication and maturation. Therefore, the enzyme active site is an attractive target for the antiviral agents. The "picornavirus-like supercluster" proteases are chymotrypsin-like cysteine proteases associated with viruses in the families Picornaviridae and Coronaviridae. They contain catalytic residues for proteolysis activity in their active sites, to cleave viral proteins during their replication. In this chapter, we describe the procedure of virtual screening for specific molecules targeting feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), a variant of feline coronavirus (FCoV), protease (FIPV 3CLpro), and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV 3Cpro). The study of FIPV 3CLpro can be a model for other emerging coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 while the methods related to FMDV 3Cpro can also be a useful guide for other picornaviruses. The small and active natural molecules were retrieved from available compound libraries. Several software and web servers are freely accessible for academics to perform in silico assay that narrow down the compound-searching scope for further validation in antiviral drug development.

Coronavirus

Coronaviridae

Picornavirus

10.1007/7653_2020_63

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Citations (2)