This study aims to analyze the nutritional composition of the degree of hydrolysis and amino acids in the internal organ waste of tuna and the protein hydrolyzate of tuna's internal organs after fermentation using the Bacillus licheniformis bacteria. The analysis showed that the protein content of tuna offal was 53.52%, and after fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis, bacteria were able to increase protein levels from 56.04. The degree of hydrolysis of protein (DH) showed an increase of 13.24% in tuna offal to 22.28% of protein hydrolyzates are fermented tuna innards. The total essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids in the fermented tuna innards' protein hydrolyzates increased during the fermentation process. The highest levels of essential amino acids were found in arginine as high as 3.632965 at the 96th hour, and the lowest histidine was 1.082602. In contrast, for the highest non-essential amino acids, there was glycine at 8.52223, and the lowest for tyrosine was 1.272592.
This experiment aims to determine the effect and the best dose of Chaetoceros ceratosporum diatomae utilization in feed formula for post larvae of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) growth and immunity to Vibrio harveyi infection. This research applied Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment use Chaetoceros ceratosporum diatomae in feed formula (iso protein 39.02% and iso energy 3.58 kcal/g diet) in different doses, i.e. treatment A = 0 %; B = 3.04 %; C = 6.0 8%; D = 9.12 %. Observed parameters were Survival Rate, Growth Rate, Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). Result showed that Chaetoceros ceratosporum diatomae utilization in feed formula affect the increase of growth and immunity of post larvae of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) to Vibrio harveyi infection. The best dose in feed formula ranged from 5,75% – 5,95%. Key words: Chaetoceros ceratosporum, balance energy, feed conversion, protein efficiency, Vibrio harveyi, tiger shrimp
Taro leaves contain a high level of protein compared to the roots.However, taro leaves have been treated as the wastes of taro roots processing.In this research, the taro leaves are fermented using Trichoderma viride under the treatment durations of 0, 5, 7, and 9 days.Among all the durations, the best result is generated from the fermentation duration of 7 days, with the crude protein of 22.07 and crude fiber of 14.01.Therefore, based on the findings of this research, it is hoped that taro leaves fermented by Trichoderma viride can be used as an alternative food for catfish.
Water quality and waste management are significant problems for aquaculture in Indonesia, including catfish (Clarias gariepinus) aquaculture. A combination of Aquaponics Systems and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (A-RAS) has been developed to address this problem. This study analyzed A-RAS application for catfish (Clarias gariepinus) aquaculture by comparing water quality and production indicators between A-RAS and conventional methods. The results show that temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total organic matter, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite in A-RAS technology were 28.0-30.0°C, 6.5-7.9, 3.8-7.8 mg/L, 18.54-24.97 mg/L, 0.12- 0.28 mg/L, 0.12-0.13 mg/L, and 0.04-0.13 mg/L, respectively. Survival Rate, Feed Conversion Ratio, and harvest in A-RAS application were 85.5%, 1.1, and 26 kg/m³, respectively. A-RAS technology can maintain water quality to be reused in cultivation and increase yields by about 13%. Besides, water spinach can be an additional income for farmers.
biosorption into the natural streamer biofilm matrices collected from the Brantas River in Indonesia to develop streamer biofilms as biosorbent pollutant ions. The biosorption features were studied by investigating the kinetics of adsorption and the adsorption isotherm of Cd(II) into the streamer biofilm. The adsorption sites of biofilms were investigated by analyzing the biofilms' electric charge characteristics and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The results of this study suggest that the adsorption of Cd(II) to the biofilm streamer is a physicochemical process where the electrically charged sites promoted by ionization functional groups in the biofilm polymers functioned as adsorption sites. The adsorption of Cd(II) into streamer biofilm is well suited to the Langmuir adsorption pattern. Cd(II) adsorption's maximum capacity to the biofilm is estimated to be approximately 14.29 mmol/g, while the equilibrium constant is approximately 0.06 L/mmol. This study demonstrates the biosorption of Cd(II) using biofilm streamers that formed naturally in rivers in Indonesia, a phenomenon that had rarely been reported. This study's results reveal that the natural streamer biofilm formed in Indonesia's Brantas River is a promising biosorbent for Cd(II) removal in water pollution treatments.
Water quality can change according to the availability, abundance, and composition of phytoplankton in these waters. The fertility of a waters can be reviewed by observing the phytoplankton community in it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using different types of ponds, namely indoor and outdoor, on the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality. This research was carried out in six different ponds consisting of three indoor pools and three outdoor pools for 56 . Samples of phytoplankton in indoor and outdoor ponds were taken as many as 4 points each. The abundance of phytoplankton in indoor ponds ranged from 880-9482 ind/L while at outdoor ponds ranged from 506-3344 ind/L., which generally consist of 5 phyla, i.e. Bacillariophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria, and Glaucophyta. The highest abundance of phytoplankton was found in the indoor pondl (A2) of 5979.60±3353.59 ind/L , while the lowest was in the outdoor pool (B3) of 1350.80±628.75 ind/L . Comparison of the abundance of phytoplankton in indoor and outdoor ponds showed significantly different results. Water quality measurements showed that the indoor was better than the outdoor ponds
The utilization of maggot as larvae from black soldier fly is an alternative substitution of fish meal as the primary protein source in fish feed. Maggot is cultivated in 3 different cultivation, the medium used is organic waste, tofu waste, and wheat pollard. The method that used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replication. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of maggot growth media, 1) with maggot biomass parameters, containers, and growing media conditions maggot, 2) then, exact proximate composition, total amino acids content of the prepupae samples were determined. Based on the results of the analysis, each dose of treatment (media) has an influence on the different maggot biomass. The best media treatment results are pollard flour. The proximate analysis showed that BSF larvae had a protein content of 50,88% and also fat content of 15%.
Slow growth rate tends to be a challenge in the cultivation of spiny lobster (P. homarus) because it impact on long rearing periods and high operational costs, especially for feeds. Short-term starvation or fasting has known to allow the minimum feed usage without inhibiting biota growth, also improves digestive function, reduces the amount of water-soluble nutrient metabolites, and reduces operational costs. Spiny lobster (P. homarus) measuring 50.0 ± 10.0 g was reared for 6 weeks in floating net cages. Lobsters were fasted at intervals of 1 fasting day/1 day of feeding, 1 fasting day/2 days of feeding, and fed daily. Survival, growth, and feed efficiency of spiny lobster (P. homarus) were analyzed. Higher growth rate and energy retention were found in spiny lobster (P. homarus) reared with short-term fasting system. Lower FCR also found in the same rearing system. Spiny lobster (P. homarus) body content indicate its ability to store nutrient in mucle and hepatopancreas in order to adapt to starved condition. Short-term fasting can improve growth and feed efficiency in spiny lobster (P. homarus) cultivation
Indonesia has very large territorial water, so it supports the development of the economy in the field of fisheries, one of which is through aquaculture. Recently fish meal has become the most expensive protein ingredient in aquaculture feeds. We aim to proximately analysis of some common alternative flour as fish feed ingredient i.e. fish flour, shrimp head flour, soybean flour, and bran flour to get best-recommended flour for type cultured fish. Fish flour, shrimp head flour, soybean flour, and bran flour was purchased from the fish farmer in Malang who use alternative fish feed flour for their aquaculture. Proximate analysis carried out by protein content, Moisture content, Fat and Fiber. Proximate analysis was conducted in the Fishery Products Engineering laboratory, Brawijaya University on April 2018. The results showed that shrimp head flour had higher protein content than others flour that is about 48.71%, fat and carbohydrate content about 7.99%, and 18.34% respectively. Soybean flour contains protein, fat and carbohydrate about 31.29%, 20.75%, and 30.45% respectively. Carnivorous fish culture can use high protein flour as an alternative ingredient for feed such as fish flour and shrimp head flour; balance proximate composition for omnivorous fish cultures such as soy flour and high carbo flour such as bran flour for herbivorous fish culture.Keywords: Bran flour, Shrimp head flour, Soybean flour, Proximate analysis.
