Christopher C. Lutes

Jacobs (United States)

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John H. Zimmerman

Environmental Protection Agency

Robert Truesdale

RTI International

Brian Schumacher

Environmental Protection Agency

Paul Lemieux

Environmental Protection Agency

Chase Holton

Geosyntec Consultants (United States)

Heidi Hayes

Eurofins (United States)

David Liles

Arcadis (United States)

Laurent C. Levy

Jacobs (United States)

Victor A. D'Amato

North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality

Suthan Suthersan

Weatherford College

Cooperative Institutions

Environmental Protection Agency

Arcadis (United States)

Jacobs (United States)

Research Triangle Park Foundation

Geosyntec Consultants (United States)

University of Toronto

Clarkson University

VA Office of Research and Development

Pennsylvania State University

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Aquatic ecological risks due to cyanide releases from biomass burning

Chemosphere (2002)

Timothy R. Barber Christopher C. Lutes M.R.J. Doorn Phyllis C. Fuchsman Hubert J. Timmenga

10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00532-5

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Citations (33)

Emissions of organic air toxics from open burning: a comprehensive review

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science (2003)

Paul Lemieux Christopher C. Lutes Dawn A. Santoianni

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins

10.1016/j.pecs.2003.08.001

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Citations (473)

In-situ Substrate Addition to Create Reactive Zones for Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Vandenberg Air Force Base

Christopher C. Lutes Victor A. D'Amato Angela Frizzell Michael J. Hansen Glen E. Gordon

Abstract : This final technical report documents the demonstration of an innovative groundwater remediation technology performed at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) Site 35 by ARCADIS G&M, Inc. (ARCADIS). The general purpose of the demonstration program was to evaluate the efficacy of the In-Situ Reactive Zone (IRZ)/Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination (ERD) technology in removing chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) from impacted groundwater in a range of geologic conditions and CAH concentrations. This site provided an opportunity to evaluate IRZ at a site that was initially highly aerobic with minimal evidence of CAH natural attenuation. Ultimately, the objectives of the demonstration were to demonstrate the ability to remediate contaminants in the subsurface over a relatively short time period (from one to five years in typical full-scale applications) and to gather information that can be used to estimate long term treatment effectiveness, life span and costs. Also important in this demonstration was to show that the degradation of CAHs does not dead-end at undesirable by-products such as cis-1,2- dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and/or vinyl chloride (VC). The primary benefits of IRZ technology include its ease of regulatory acceptance, its in-situ nature and its relatively low cost.

Chlorinated solvents

Reductive Dechlorination

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Citations (1)

Key Design Elements of Building Pressure Cycling for Evaluating Vapor Intrusion—A Literature Review

Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation (2018)

Christopher C. Lutes Chase Holton Robert Truesdale John H. Zimmerman Brian Schumacher

Abstract Building pressure cycling (BPC) is becoming an increasingly important tool for studying vapor intrusion. BPC has been used to distinguish subslab and indoor sources of vapor intrusion as well as to define reasonable worst case volatile organic compound mass discharge into a structure. Analyses have been performed both semi‐quantitatively with concentration trends and quantitatively with more rigorous flux calculation and source attribution methods. This paper reviews and compares the protocols and outcomes from multiple published applications of this technology to define the key variables that control performance. Common lessons learned are identified, including those that help define the range of building size and type to which BPC is applicable. Differences in test protocols are discussed, recognizing that the complexity of the test protocol required depends on the particular objectives of each project. Research gaps are identified and tabulated for future validation studies and applications.

10.1111/gwmr.12310

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Citations (8)

Emissions of Trichloroethylene from Bedroom Furniture Set as a Source of Indoor Air Contamination

Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation (2022)

Q.G. Bingham Christopher C. Lutes R. Grand S. Quadri R. Dollhopf

Abstract Shallow trichloroethene (TCE) groundwater and soil contamination associated with a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) Superfund Site in Michigan resulted in a vapor intrusion (VI) investigation of overlying condominium units. Units with data suggesting a complete VI pathway received subslab depressurization systems (SSDs). Performance monitoring following the installation of an SSD at one unit indicated that the indoor air TCE concentrations remained elevated, despite pressure field extension tests that showed the system should effectively reduce VI from soil gas. Therefore, a cost‐efficient and incremental investigation was launched to identify other potential source(s) of TCE using a field‐portable gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GS/MS). The combination of room‐by‐room air sampling, potential VI entry point sampling, and emission tests of potential sources were used, which resulted in successfully identifying a bedroom furniture set as an indoor source of TCE for the unit. Although many common household products are recognized as indoor sources of TCE, emissions from finished furniture products have not been widely discussed in the VI literature. The findings of this study indicate that off gassing from furniture can lead to TCE concentrations in indoor air that exceed regulatory guidelines.

Bedroom

Cabin pressurization

Superfund

Indoor air

10.1111/gwmr.12556

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Citations (2)

PCDD/F EMISSIONS FROM UNCONTROLLED, DOMESTIC WASTE BURNING

Organohalogen compounds (1999)

Brian K. Gullett Paul Lemieux Christopher C. Lutes Chris K. Winterrowd L Dwain

Dibenzofuran

Domestic waste

Emission inventory

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Citations (13)

Long-term field-pilot studies of enhanced reductive dechlorination.

Christopher C. Lutes Victor A. D'Amato Max Hansen Jeffrey S. Burdick Suthan Suthersan

Reductive Dechlorination

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EVALUATION OF EMISSIONS FROM PAVING ASPHALTS.

Christopher C. Lutes Raymond J Thomas R. Preston Burnette

This work provides data from pilotscale measurements of the emissions of specific air pollutants from paving asphalt both with and without recycled crumb rubber additives. The methods used in this work measured emissions from a static layer of asphalt maintained for several hours near the highest temperature likely to be encountered in a real paving operation (176° C). Although concentration levels observed for most species were in most cases near the detection limits of the analytical methods applied, statistically significant emissions of a variety of pollutant species were observed. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analyses showed significant amounts of benzene emitted from both types of asphalt studied. An analysis targeting 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) species of primary interest revealed significant emissions of 7 of the 16 species when the AC10 asphalt without rubber tests were compared to the facility blank tests. The emissions of 5 of 16 PAH species were significantly higher in the AC10 thin layer with rubber tests than in the facility blank tests. The concentrations observed, though significant, were close to the limit of detection. Statistically significant emissions of both total particulates and PM10 were found from both types of asphalt hotmix material tested. This Project Summary was developed by EPA’s Air and Energy Engineering Research laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, to announce key findings of the research project that is fully documented in a separate report of the same title (see Project Report ordering information at back).

Crumb rubber

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Variables Affecting Emissions of PCDD/Fs from Uncontrolled Combustion of Household Waste in Barrels

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (2003)

Paul Lemieux Brian K. Gullett Christopher C. Lutes Chris K. Winterrowd Dwain Winters

The uncontrolled burning of household waste in barrels has recently been implicated as a major source of airborne emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). A detailed, systematic study to understand the variables affecting emissions of PCDD/Fs from burn barrels was performed. The waste composition, fullness of the barrel, and the combustion conditions within the barrel all contribute significantly to determining the emissions of PCDD/Fs from burn barrels. The study found no statistically significant effect on emissions from the Cl content of waste except at high levels, which are not representative of typical household waste. At these elevated Cl concentrations, the impact of Cl on PCDD/F emissions was found to be independent of the form of the Cl (inorganic or organic). For typical burn conditions, most of the PCDD/F emissions appear to be associated with the later stages of the burn when the waste is smoldering. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were also measured for a subset of the tests. For the nominal waste composition, the average emissions were 76.8 ng toxic equivalency units (TEQ)WHO98/kg of waste combusted, which suggests that uncontrolled burning of household waste could be a major source of airborne PCDD/Fs in the United States.

Household Waste

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins

10.1080/10473289.2003.10466192

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Citations (46)

An alternative generic groundwater-to-indoor air attenuation factor for application in commercial, industrial, and other nonresidential settings

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (2023)

Laurent C. Levy Keri E. Hallberg R. Gonzalez-Abraham Christopher C. Lutes Loren G. Lund

The default groundwater-to-indoor air attenuation factor (AF) of 10-3 (0.001) to assess the vapor intrusion (VI) pathway and generate VI screening levels for groundwater was developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) based on chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOC) indoor air and groundwater data collected in residential buildings and compiled in EPA's 2012 VI database. In their VI guidance published in 2015, EPA recognized that this default AF may be overly conservative for nonresidential buildings. In 2015, the Department of Defense (DoD) began developing a first-of-its-kind VI database to assess AFs at commercial and industrial buildings at DoD installations and support the development of alternative generic AF values. This database was expanded in 2019 to include 76 buildings at 22 DoD installations across the United States and is comparable in size to the EPA VI database. The DoD database includes chlorinated VOC data from groundwater and indoor air samples collected from multiple sampling zones within these buildings. Empirical groundwater-to-indoor air AFs were calculated using similar screening methods employed by EPA, including a source strength screen, to filter out potential background source contributions unrelated to VI. Analysis of indoor air-groundwater data pairs found that there is more attenuation occurring from groundwater to indoor air in DoD commercial and industrial buildings relative to residential buildings and that the DoD buildings' AFs are one to four orders of magnitude lower than EPA's residential-based default of 10-3. The results support the use of a generic groundwater AF of 10-4 (0.0001) to support VI assessment and develop groundwater screening levels specific to large commercial and industrial buildings as an alternative to the residential default AF.Implications: The use of groundwater-to-indoor air attenuation factors (AFs) is a key component of vapor intrusion (VI) pathway assessments and VI screening-level development for groundwater. Currently, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state regulatory agencies use a default groundwater AF of 10-3 (0.001) based on chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOC) data collected in residential buildings. VI assessment data collected at Department of Defense (DoD) installations indicate that there is significantly more groundwater-to-indoor air attenuation occurring at DoD commercial and industrial buildings. For that reason, the default AF of 10-3 results in groundwater screening levels that are overestimating VI-related risks in these types of building. The DoD data support the use of a generic groundwater AF of 10-4 (0.0001) for conducting VI assessment and developing groundwater screening levels at large commercial and industrial buildings.

Indoor air

10.1080/10962247.2023.2175740

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Citations (2)