Abstract COVID-19 has caused many deaths worldwide. The automation of the diagnosis of this virus is highly desired. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown outstanding classification performance on image datasets. To date, it appears that COVID computer-aided diagnosis systems based on CNNs and clinical information have not yet been analysed or explored. We propose a novel method, named the CNN-AE, to predict the survival chance of COVID-19 patients using a CNN trained with clinical information. Notably, the required resources to prepare CT images are expensive and limited compared to those required to collect clinical data, such as blood pressure, liver disease, etc. We evaluated our method using a publicly available clinical dataset that we collected. The dataset properties were carefully analysed to extract important features and compute the correlations of features. A data augmentation procedure based on autoencoders (AEs) was proposed to balance the dataset. The experimental results revealed that the average accuracy of the CNN-AE (96.05%) was higher than that of the CNN (92.49%). To demonstrate the generality of our augmentation method, we trained some existing mortality risk prediction methods on our dataset (with and without data augmentation) and compared their performances. We also evaluated our method using another dataset for further generality verification. To show that clinical data can be used for COVID-19 survival chance prediction, the CNN-AE was compared with multiple pre-trained deep models that were tuned based on CT images.
Myocarditis is the form of an inflammation of the middle layer of the heart wall which is caused by a viral infection and can affect the heart muscle and its electrical system. It has remained as one of the most challenging diagnoses in cardiology. Myocardial is the prime cause of unexpected death in approximately 20% of adults less than 40 years of age. Cardiac MRI (CMR) has been considered as a noninvasive and golden standard diagnostic tool for suspected myocarditis and plays an indispensable role in diagnosing various cardiac diseases. However, the performance of CMR is heavily dependent on the clinical presentation and non-specific features such as chest pain, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Besides, other imaging factors like artifacts, technical errors, pulse sequence, acquisition parameters, contrast agent dose, and more importantly qualitatively visual interpretation can affect the result of the diagnosis. This paper introduces a new deep learning-based model called Convolutional Neural Network-Clustering (CNN-KCL) to diagnose the Myocarditis. The hybrid CNN-KCL method performs the early and accurate diagnosis of Myocarditis. To the best-of-our-knowledge, a Convolutional neural network has never been used before for the diagnosis of Myocarditis. In this study, we used 47 subjects to diagnose myocarditis patients from Tehran's Omid Hospital. The total number of data examined is 10425. Our results demonstrate that CNN-KCL achieves 92.3% in terms of diagnosis myocarditis prediction accuracy which is significantly better than those reported in previous studies.
Personalized health monitoring and prediction have become essential for improving health- care delivery, especially with the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging population. Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising approach for developing personalized health mon- itoring systems that can predict health outcomes accurately and efficiently. With the increasing availability of personal health data, DL-based methods have emerged as a promising approach to improve healthcare delivery by providing accurate and timely predictions of health outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent developments in the application of DL for personalized health monitoring and prediction. It summarizes various DL architectures and their applications for personalized health monitoring, including wearable devices, electronic health records, and social media data. Furthermore, the article also explores the challenges and future directions for the application of DL in personalized health monitoring. valuable insights into the potential of DL for personalized health monitoring and prediction.
Summary Background To prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to understand how they are spread and their clinical features. Early identification of risk factors and clinical features is needed to identify critically ill patients, provide suitable treatments, and prevent mortality. Methods We conducted a prospective study on COVID-19 patients referred to a tertiary hospital in Iran between March and November 2020. Of the 3008 patients (mean age 59.3±18.7 years, range 1 to 100 years), 1324 were women. We investigated COVID-19 related mortality and its association with clinical features including headache, chest pain, symptoms on CT, hospitalization, time to infection, history of neurological disorders, having a single or multiple risk factors, fever, myalgia, dizziness, seizure, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and anorexia. Findings There was a significant association between COVID-19 mortality and old age, headache, chest pain, respiratory distress, low respiratory rate, oxygen saturation less than 93%, need for a mechanical ventilator, having symptoms on CT, hospitalization, time to infection, history of hypertension, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and having a risk factor or multiple risk factors. In contrast, there was no significant association between mortality and gender, fever, myalgia, dizziness, seizure, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and anorexia. Interpretation Our results might help identify early symptoms related to COVID-19 and better manage patients clinically.
The dramatic increase in road traffic accidents in the world is causing serious problems in every aspect of human lives. The most important and meaningful nature of traffic characteristics, causation analysis, and associations between different causal factors have been ignored. Moreover, the traffic accident data is only used to conduct a rudimentary statistical analysis and data mining efforts which results only in patterns and statistics. The main targets of this road accident data classification are to identify the major and key factors that cause the road traffic accident and form policies and preventive actions that would reduce the accident severity level. Machine learning algorithms are used to analyze the data, extract hidden patterns, predict the severity level of the accidents and summarize the information in a useful format. In this work, we have applied different machine learning classification algorithms and discussed here the six algorithms with high accuracy and best classification performances such as Fuzzy-FARCHD, Random Forest, Hierarchal LVQ, RBF Network (Radial Basis Function Network), Multilayer Perceptron, and Naïve Bayes on road traffic accident data set obtained from UK road traffic accident of the year 2016. The data set contains information on all road accident casualties across Calderdale. The results from our analysis show that Fuzzy-FARCHD algorithm is effective to classify the dataset and achieves an accuracy of 85.94%. In this work, we have revealed that Lighting Conditions, 1st Road Class & No., Number of vehicles are the key features in selecting the attributes.
Facial expression analysis is one of the most important tools for behavior interpretation and emotion modeling in Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Although humans can easily interpret facial emotions, computers have great difficulty doing so. Analyzing changes and deformations in the face is one of the methods through which machines can interpret facial expressions. However, maintaining great precision while being accurate, stable, and quick is still a challenge in this field. To address this issue this research presents an innovative and novel method to extract key features from a face during a facial expression fully automatically. These features can be used by various machine learning models to analyze emotions. We used the optical flow algorithm to extract motion vectors, which were then divided into sections on the subject’s face. Finally, each section and its symmetric section were used to calculate a new vector. The final features produce a state-of-the-art accuracy of over 98% in emotion classification in the Extended Cohen-Kanade (CK+) facial expression dataset. Furthermore, we proposed an algorithm to filter the most important features, and with an SVM classifier, we were able to keep the accuracy over 98 % by only looking at 10% of the face area.
The imbalanced datasets and their classification has pulled in as a hot research topic over the years. It is used in different fields, for example, security, finance, health, and many others. The imbalanced datasets are balanced by applying resampling and various solutions are designed to tackle such datasets that mainly focus on class distribution issues. The imbalanced data is rebalanced using these methods. This paper introduces a technique for balancing data through two stages: first, oversampling methods are utilized in the process of rebalancing such imbalanced dataset using the single-point crossover to generate the new data of minority classes, second, it searches for an optimal subset of the imbalanced and balanced datasets by Jellyfish Search (JS) which is an optimization method. Experiments are performed on 18 real imbalanced datasets, and results are compared with famous oversampling methods and the recently published ACOR (Ant Colony Optimization Resampling) method in terms of different appraisal measurements. Higher performance is recorded by the proposed method and comparability with well-known and recent techniques.