The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential anti-obesity activity of an enzymatic hydrolysate of velvet antler in inhibiting adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. The enzymatic hydrolysate was prepared using the commercial food grade protease, Protamex. The velvet antler Protamex hydrolysate (VAPH) indicated profound inhibitory effects on adipogenesis dose-dependently by decreasing the accumulation of triglycerides and down-regulating expression levels of adipogenesis-related proteins C/EBPα, SREBP-1, and PPARγ. In a mouse model of HFD-induced obesity, oral administration of VAPH (100 and 300 mg/kg for 13 weeks) significantly reduced the body weight gain that had resulted from the HFD. VAPH treatment also lowered the serum glucose and triglyceride levels, while increasing the HDL-C level. Furthermore, the treatment greatly reduced hepatic lipid droplet accumulation as well as the size of adipocytes. Current findings demonstrate that VAPH has profound anti-obesity effects and could be an effective candidate for preventing obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases.
It is observed that the cooling capacity of impinging water jet is affected by the seasonal conditions in steel manufacturing process with large scale. To confirm this phenomena, the cooling experiments of a hot steel plate by a laminar jet were conducted for two different initial ambient air temperature( and ) in a closed chamber, and an inverse heat conduction method is applied for the quantitative comparison. It is found that the cooling capacity under air temperature is lower than that under , as is the saturated water vapor is more easily observed, and the amount of total extracted heat in the case of is smaller by nearly 15% than that of case. From these results, it is thought that the quantity of water vapor, which could be absorbed until saturation, effects on the mechanism of boiling heat transfer.
High glucose induced oxidative stress is implicated in intracellular toxicity in tissue and blood vessel such as oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. In this study, we attempted to investigate protective effects of fucoxanthin isolated from Ishige okamurae against high glucose induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and zebrafish model. The ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and cell death were significantly reduced in both the fucoxanthin treated HUVEC and zebrafish in vivo model, compared to those of both negative controls. This study indicates that fucoxanthin could protect cells and organ injury against oxidative stress induced by high glucose in vitro HUVEC and in vivo zebrafish model.
Abstract Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is a marine polyphenolic compound derived from brown alga Ishige okamurae . A previously study has suggested that DPHC possesses strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. However, the anti‐melanogenesis effect of DPHC has not been reported at cellular level. The objective of the present study was to clarify the melanogenesis inhibitory effect of DPHC and its molecular mechanisms in murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and zebrafish model. DPHC significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin content dose‐dependently in α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH)‐stimulated B16F10 cells. This polyphenolic compound also suppressed the expression of phosphorylation of cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) by attenuating phosphorylation of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A, resulting in decreased MITF expression levels. Furthermore, DPHC downregulated MITF protein expression levels by promoting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. It also inhibited tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (TRP‐1), and TRP‐2 in α‐MSH stimulated B16F10 cells. In in vivo studies using zebrafish, DPHC also markedly inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate that DPHC can effectively inhibit melanogenesis in melanoma cells in vitro and in zebrafish in vivo, suggesting that DPHC could be applied in fields of pharmaceutical and cosmeceuticals as a skin‐whitening agent. Significance of study : The present study showed for the first time that DPHC could inhibit a‐MSH‐stimulated melanogenesis via PKA/CREB and ERK pathway in melanoma cells. It also could inhibit pigmentation in vivo in a zebrafish model. This evidence suggests that DPHC has potential as a skin whitening agent. Taken together, DPHC could be considered as a novel anti‐melanogenic agent to be applied in cosmetic, food, and medical industry.
The effect of the administering of DK (dieckol) isolated fromEcklonia cavaon the blood glucose level in hyperglycemia zebrafish. Thus, hyperglycemia zebrafish could be efficiently used to evaluate a wide range of anti-diabetic activities.
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