Abstract Purpose: To compare the tumor growth kinetics between sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and Von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (VHL-associated RCC). To analyze predictive markers for the growth rate of these two types of RCC. Methods: The clinical data of patients with renal tumors who received active surveillance were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to analyze the expression levels of VHL, PBRM1, H3K36me3, and BAP1 in the postoperative specimens. Results: The age of the VHL group was significantly younger than that of the sporadic group (P<0.0001). The mean linear growth rate (LGR) was significantly faster in the sporadic group (P=0.0004). The tumors of those in the sporadic group tended to have a higher histologic grade (P=0.0011). In the sporadic group, tumor histologic grade was an independent predictor for rapid mean LGR (P=0.0022). In the VHL group, tumor initial MTD was the only independent predictor for rapid mean LGR (P＜0.0001). Tumors with low VHL expression and negative PBRM1 expression showed a faster growth rate in the sporadic group (P=0.001 and P=0.008, respectively). The expression levels of the 4 biomarkers showed no impact on the tumor growth rate in the VHL group. Conclusion: Sporadic ccRCC grew faster than VHL-associated RCC. High histologic grade, low VHL expression and negative PBRM1 expression were predictors of faster growth in sporadic ccRCC. A large initial MTD was a predictor of faster growth for VHL-associated RCC.
Urethral stricture and reconstruction are one of the thorny difficult problems in the field of urology. The continuous development of tissue engineering and biomaterials has given new therapeutic thinking to this problem. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an excellent biomaterial due to its accessibility and strong plasticity. Moreover, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) could enhance their wound healing ability through directional modification.
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to initiation, progression and metastasis of bladder cancer. We aim to evaluate the potential utility of lncRNAs to construct lncRNA-based classifiers of BLCA prognosis and recurrence.Methods: Based on the RNA-seq data of 406 bladder cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas project, the lncRNA-based classifier for overall survival(OS) and lncRNA-based classifier for relapse-free survival (RFS) were built by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) Cox regression model in 271 randomly selected samples (training cohort) and validated the two classifiers in the remaining 135 samples (internal validation cohort).Results: In the training cohort, a 14-lncRNA-based classifier for OS and a 12-lncRNA-based classifier for RFS were constructed by LASSO Cox regression mode at 20-fold cross-validation. According to the prediction value, patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the cut-off of the median risk score. The Kaplan-Meier log-rank test showed significant differences in OS and RFS between low- and high-risk groups in the training cohorts (p<0.01), validation cohorts (p<0.01) and in the whole cohorts (p<0.01). In the time-dependent ROC curve analysis, the AUCs for OS in the first, third, and fifth year were 0.734, 0.78, and 0.78 respectively, and the prediction capability of the 14-lncRNA classifier was superior to the other published lncRNA classifier. As for RFS, the AUCs in the first, third, and fifth year were 0.755, 0.715, and 0.740 respectively, and the12-lncRNA-based classifier is firstly built to be as powerful prognostic predictor of bladder cancer recurrence.Conclusions: In conclusion, the 14-lncRNA-based classifier for OS and the 12-lncRNA-based classifier for RFS constructed by LASSO Cox regression could be novel and independent prognostic factors for OS and RFS individually and might complement clinicopathological characteristics and optimize personalized management of BLCA.Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [81672546, 81602253, 81772703, 81872083], Natural Science Foundation of Beijing [7152146, 7172219] and The Capital Health Research and Development of Special [2016–1-4077].Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Ethical Approval: Not applicable.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted the need for vaccines that not only prevent disease but also prevent transmission. Parenteral vaccines induce robust systemic immunity but poor immunity at the respiratory mucosa. We developed a vaccine strategy that we call "prime and spike," which leverages existing immunity generated by primary vaccination (prime) to elicit mucosal immune memory within the respiratory tract by using unadjuvanted intranasal spike boosters (spike). We show that prime and spike induces robust resident memory B and T cell responses, induces immunoglobulin A at the respiratory mucosa, boosts systemic immunity, and completely protects mice with partial immunity from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using divergent spike proteins, prime and spike enables the induction of cross-reactive immunity against sarbecoviruses.
Ectopic renal hydronephrosis is a relatively rare condition, with literature primarily consisting of scattered case studies. The ectopic kidney poses technical challenges to surgeons due to its structural and anatomical abnormalities. This study aims to share our initial experiences with minimally invasive pyeloplasty as a management approach for ectopic renal hydronephrosis in adult patients.
To compare the survival outcomes of patients over 85 years of age with bladder cancer.We used data collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves were generated for overall survival with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios among cases in different groups.Of the 9,321 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 6,703 (71.9%) were men and 2,618 (28.1%) were women, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 88.68 (3.216) years. The median follow-up time of this cohort was 18 months. In the low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (LG NMIBC) group, our analysis showed that no further treatment led to a better prognosis after the first transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT). In the high-grade NMIBC (HG NMIBC) cohort, major therapy was correlated with better OS in univariable and multivariable analyses [hazard ratio (HR) 0.450; 95% CI: 0.351-0.577]. Trimodal therapy gave a better prognosis in the muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) cohort (HR 1.395; 95% CI: 1.147-1.697). In addition, none of the county factors were risk factors for prognosis in multivariable analysis.Minor and major therapies do not have a better prognosis after TURBT in LG NMIBC. Major therapy has better oncological outcomes in LG NMIBC and MIBC than minor therapy. Trimodal therapy leads to longer OS in MIBC. In addition, none of the county factors were risk factors for prognosis.
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