The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service has recently produced a greenhouse gases reanalysis (version egg4) that covers almost two decades from 2003 to 2020 and will be extended in the future. This reanalysis dataset includes carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The reanalysis procedure combines model data with satellite data into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts’ Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). This dataset has been carefully evaluated against independent observations to ensure validity and point out deficiencies to the user. The greenhouse gas reanalysis can be used to examine the impact of atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations on climate change, such as global and regional climate radiative forcing, assess intercontinental transport, and also serve as boundary conditions for regional simulations, among other applications and scientific studies. The caveats associated with changes in assimilated observations and fixed underlying emissions are highlighted, as well as their impact on the estimation of trends and annual growth rates of these long-lived greenhouse gases.

Forcing (mathematics)

10.5194/egusphere-2022-283-rc1

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Model Evaluation with Aircraft Campaign Data: Examples from the POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP)

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2013)

L. K. Emmons Simone Tilmes S. R. Arnold S. A. Monks Kathy S. Law

Atmospheric models

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Cloud impacts on photochemistry: a new climatology of photolysis rates from the Atmospheric Tomography mission

Samuel R. Hall Kirk Ullmann Michael J. Prather Clare M. Flynn Lee T. Murray

Abstract. Measurements from actinic flux spectroradiometers on board the NASA DC-8 during the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission provide an extensive set of statistics on how clouds alter photolysis rates (J-values) throughout the remote Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. ATom made profiling circumnavigations of the troposphere over four seasons during 2016–2018. J-values are a primary chemical control over tropospheric ozone and methane abundances and their greenhouse effects. Clouds have been recognized for more than three decades as being an important factor in tropospheric chemistry. The ATom climatology of J-values is a unique test of how the chemistry models treat clouds. This work focuses on measurements over the Pacific during the first deployment (ATom-1) in August 2016. Nine global chemistry–climate or –transport models provide J-values for the domains measured in ATom-1. We compare mean profiles over a range of cloudy and clear conditions; but, more importantly, we build a statistical picture of the impact of clouds on J-values through the distribution of the ratio of J-cloudy to J-clear. In detail, the models show largely disparate patterns. When compared with measurements, there is some limited, broad agreement. Models here have resolutions of 50–200 km and thus reduce the occurrence of clear sky when averaging over grid cells. In situ measurements also average the scattered sunlight, but only out to scales of 10 s of km. A primary uncertainty remains in the role of clouds in chemistry, in particular, how models average over cloud fields, and how such averages can simulate measurements.

Atmospheric chemistry

Tropospheric ozone

10.5194/acp-2018-718

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A new air quality regime classification scheme for O, NO, SO and PM10 observations sites

Atmospheric Environment (2005)

Johannes Flemming R. Stern R. J. Yamartino

Nitrogen dioxide

Classification scheme

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.039

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An evaluation of the regional distribution and wet deposition of secondary inorganic aerosols and their gaseous precursors in IFS-COMPO cycle 49R1

Jason Williams Swen Metzger Samuel Rémy Vincent Huijnen Johannes Flemming

Abstract. Secondary Inorganic Aerosol (SIA) constitutes a considerable fraction of total particulate matter exposure, making it an important component of any atmospheric composition and air quality forecasting system. The subsequent loss of SIA to the surface, via both dry and wet deposition, determines the exposure time for humans and the extent of damage imposed on sensitive ecosystems due to increased surface acidity. This study provides a description and evaluation of recent updates to aerosol production, scavenging, and wet deposition processes in the global IFS-COMPO chemical forecasting system, used within the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. The implementation of the EQSAM4Clim simplified thermodynamic module in IFS-COMPO cycle 49R1 alters the phase transfer efficiency of SIA precursor gases (sulphur dioxide, nitric acid, and ammonia), which significantly affects particulate SIA concentrations by modifying the fraction converted into aerosol form. Comparisons with surface observational data from Europe, the U.S., and Southeast Asia during 2018 indicate reductions in the global annual mean bias for both sulphates and nitrates. Updating the IFS-COMPO model to cycle 49R1 increases the burden and lifetime of sulphate and ammonium particles by one-third. Coupling EQSAM4Clim with IFS-COMPO improves the representation of ammonia-ammonium partitioning across regions, while the effect on sulphate is minimal. For nitric acid and nitrates, the phase partitioning is also significantly altered, with lower particulate concentrations leading to an excess of gas-phase nitric acid and an associated improvement in surface nitrate predictions. The impact on total regional wet deposition is generally positive, although sulphates in the U.S. and ammonium particles in Southeast Asia are strongly influenced by precursor emission estimates. Overall, these results provide confidence in the ability of IFS-COMPO cycle 49R1 to deliver accurate global-scale deposition fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen.

Deposition

10.5194/gmd-2024-188

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Supplementary material to "The CAMS interim Reanalysis of Carbon Monoxide, Ozone and Aerosol for 2003–2015"

Johannes Flemming Angela Benedetti Antje Inness Richard Engelen L. Jones

Totals and variability of the emissions of CR and CAMSIRAIn the paper, we focus on 7 regions (Europe, North America, East Asia, South America, North Africa Tropical Africa and Maritime South East Asia) as well as the tropics, the Arctic and the Antarctic.The areas are shown in Figure S1 and the coordinates of the bounding boxes are given in Table 3 of the paper.Table S1 list the annual mean, maximum and minimum emissions for different source regions for CO, NO, isoprene (C5H8,) and all aerosol components (desert dust, sea salt, black carbon, organic matter and SO2 tracer).An estimated linear trend, if significant with 95% confidence interval, is also listed.Time series of the anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are shown in Figure S2.The anthropogenic MACCity emissions for CO and NO decrease over Europe and North America in the range of 1 to 5% per year, whereas they increase over South East Asia by a similar amount.The global trend is almost zero for CO and slightly positive for NO.The observed emissions from biomass burning as well as modelled emission of biogenic VOC, desert dust and sea salt depend strongly on the inter-annual variability of the meteorological situation but changes in land use also play a role for long term trends.Besides a large year-to-year variability, the biomass burning emissions for CO show no significant trend over the whole 2003-2015 period.However, a significant reduction occurred until 2013 when global CO biomass burning emissions decreased from 423Tg in 2003 to 288 Tg in 2013.The decreasing trend was most pronounced in South America (-7.5%/yr)where it occurred over the whole period.

Interim

10.5194/acp-2016-666-supplement

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From Fire Observations to Smoke Plume Forecasting in the MACC Services

Johannes W. Kaiser Angela Benedetti Johannes Flemming J.‐J. Morcrette Angelika Heil

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Does accounting for the direct-radiative effect of prognostic aerosols improve 5-day temperature forecast of the ECMWF weather forecast model ?

Johannes Flemming Alessio Bozzo Jerôme Barré Richard Engelen Sébastien Garrigues

<p>The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) produces operationally global 5-day forecast of atmospheric composition and the weather using ECMWF&#8217;s Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) since 2015.Beginning with a system upgrade in June 2018 (45r1), the ozone and aerosol fields have been used in the radiation scheme to account for their radiative impact in the global CAMS forecasts. This approach replaced an aerosol and ozone climatology, which had been used before and which is still used in ECMWF's operational high-resolution medium-range NWP forecasts. The CAMS forecast system, which runs at a resolution of about 40 km, is applied here as a test-bed to explore the importance of aerosol direct feedback in an operational configuration, which can guide developments on composition-weather feedbacks for ECMWF's medium-range, monthly and seasonal forecasts.</p><p>We will discuss the changes and improvements of temperature forecast errors (i) using typical NWP scores and (ii) by applying an event based approach that focuses on episodes of high aerosol burdens such as the transport of Sahara dust to Europe during the heatwave in June 2019. In more detail we will show to what extent the realism of the prognostic aerosol fields influences the temperature response by considering aerosol forecast which were, or were not, improved by data assimilation of aerosol optical depth at the start of the forecast. We will further demonstrate that the consistent updates of both the climatological and prognostic aerosol fields are an important prerequisite for a making progress.</p>

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18254

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