In the context of constructing new power systems, the intermittency and volatility of high-penetration renewable generation pose new challenges to the stability and secure operation of power systems. Enhancing the ramping capability of power systems has become a crucial measure for addressing these challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes a bi-level peak regulation optimization model for power systems considering ramping capability and demand response, aiming to mitigate the challenges that the uncertainty and volatility of renewable energy generation impose on power system operations. Firstly, the upper-level model focuses on minimizing the ramping demand caused by the uncertainty, taking into account concerned constraints such as the constraint of price-guided demand response, the constraint of satisfaction with electricity usage patterns, and the constraint of cost satisfaction. By solving the upper-level model, the ramping demand of the power system can be reduced. Secondly, the lower-level model aims to minimize the overall cost of the power system, considering constraints such as power balance constraints, power flow constraints, ramping capability constraints of thermal power units, stepwise ramp rate calculation constraints, and constraints of carbon capture units. Based on the ramping demand obtained by solving the upper-level model, the outputs of the generation units are optimized to reduce operation cost of power systems. Finally, the proposed peak regulation optimization model is verified through simulation based on the IEEE 39-bus system. The results indicate that the proposed model, which incorporates ramping capability and demand response, effectively reduces the comprehensive operational cost of the power system.
Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of intracellular Ca 2+ content of rats brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its correlation with the concentration of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) Methods The rats model with TBI was prepare by Feeney’s methods. 144 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into Sham operation group(Sham group, 36 rats) and traumatic brain injury group (TBI group, 108 rats ). Above two groups subdivided into six groups by 2h,6h,12h,24h, 48h and 72h after TBI( 6 rats in each group. The calcium content in the rats brain cells were detected by laser scanning confocal microscope, and the CGRP concentration in plasma of rats were got by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results There were significant differences of calcium fluorescence intensity in the rats brain cells between the Sham group and the TBI group (P<0.05). In the meantime there were also significant differences of the CGRP concentration in plasma of rats between the Sham group and the TBI group (P<0.05). After the injury, calcium fluorescence intensity in the rats brain cells began to rise within 2 hours, reached its peak in 24 hours, and decreased in 48 hours (P<0.05). In the TBI group, the CGRP concentration in plasma of rats increased at 2h, then decreased at 24h,48h, and increased slowly at 72h after TBI (P<0.05). Conclusion There was a negative correlation between CGRP concentration in rats plasma and the intracellular calcium content of rats brain. Calcium overload played an important role in the brain secondary damage after TBI. Support or Funding Information • This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund (30600637), China Postdoctral Science Foundation Grant (2019T120195), China Postdoctral Science Foundation Grant (2014M561207), the Shanxi Province Basic Research Program ( 2010021034‐4, 201601D011119), the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2011‐096 and Key Projects No.4), Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Shanxi province fund grant, The science and technology research projects of health department of Shanxi Province(2016D011119), The Teaching Reform Program of Shanxi Higher Education, The Education Reform Project of Postgraduate Students in Shanxi Province. The Project of “131” Leading Talents of Shanxi Higher Education, The Education Reform Project of Shanxi Medical University, the fund grant of the eleventh college of shanxi medical university(Lvliang Hospital).
Objective
To study the morphological characteristics of eyes of female Uygur youth for providing the relevant data for eye aesthetic plastic surgery.
Methods
Compared with 150 cases of Han youth in the same school, the somatological survey was carried out in 150 female Uighur college students with the morphological characteristics of the eyes and good facial harmony. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis of the measured data in groups divided according to different race.
Results
59.3% (89/150) of the Uighur young women had prominent brow ridges tall nose and superior orbit cave, 18.7% (28/150) of them were similar to the Han type of eye, and 22.0% (33/150) in between. The rate of epicanthus in Uighur women was 28.0% (42/150), which was significantly lower than the Han nationality women 62.7% (94/150). Double eyelid incidence was 96.7% (145/150), which was significantly higher than that of Chinese Han women 67.3% (101/150). There was a no statistically significant difference between them in palpebral fissure length inner canthic diameter and outer canthic diameter (P>0.05), but a statistically significant difference was found in the height of palpebral fissure, the width of double eyelid and the distance between the eyebrow eyelid (P<0.05).
Conclusions
The Uighur women's eye morphology has dual characteristics of Caucasoid and Mongoloid. The data have great significance and value in guiding the eye's cosmetic plastic surgery.
Key words:
The Uygur nationality; Female; Eye; Morphology; Anthropometry
Abstract Yuxi, a region of active economic development in China's central Yunnan Plateau, is subject to the ecological pressures brought about by rapid urbanization. In order to provide a scientific rationale for making decisions about environmental management, a long-term and accurate methodology for appraising and evaluating the ecological condition is required. Firstly, this study used 30 m-resolution Landsat data to reconstruct four indices, including greenness, wetness, dryness, and heat, during the vegetation growth period in Yuxi from 2000 to 2020 by using the HANTS filtering method. Secondly, we computed the annual RSEI using reconstructed indices to assess ecological quality in Yuxi. Thirdly, through Sen + MK trend analysis, spatial auto-correlation analysis, and geographical detectors on year-by-year RSEI, the spatiotemporal pattern and determinants of Yuxi's ecological quality were revealed. The results showed that: (1) vegetation seasons obviously affect the accuracy of the RSEI, and the data of the vegetation growing season is suggested to construct the RSEI model; (2) HANTS can effectively optimize the ecological indices of constructing the RSEI model, making the missing data filling smoother and more continuous. The reconstructed RSEI and the original RSEI have an absolute difference ranging between − 0.15 and 0.15; (3) the comprehensive ecological quality of Yuxi is moderate according to the RSEI mean value (0.5413), and the ecological quality of mountainous areas is better than that of valleys and plains. Yuxi's ecological quality manifests a clear center-edge pattern. (4) Between 2000 and 2020, the ecological quality of Yuxi exhibited a fluctuation and slightly rising trend as a whole, and the alteration in land utilization patterns was the primary determinant of Yuxi’s ecological quality shift, especially forestry land and impervious surface. Based on Yuxi, a city on the Central Yunnan Plateau, this study can serve as a reference for scientific decision-making regarding sustainable development and ecological protection.
Ignition delay measurements of gas-phase decalin/air mixtures were performed in a shock tube at temperatures of 950-1395 K, pressures of 1.82×10 to 6.56×10 Pa, and equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The ignition delay time was determined using the reflected shock wave pressure and CH* emission monitored at the sidewall. The effects of temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio on the ignition delay time of decalin were investigated systematically. The results show that increasing the temperature or pressure decreases the ignition delay time. Opposite ignition delay dependences on the equivalence ratio were observed for decalin/air at high and low pressures, for the first time. At 15.15×10 Pa, the fuel-rich mixture showed the shortest ignition delay time, and the fuel-lean mixture gave the longest one. However, at 2.02×10 Pa, the fuelrich mixture had the longest ignition delay time. Comparisons of the experimental data with predictions based on the available kinetic mechanism were made; the trends in the experimental data were in good agreement with the predictions under all conditions studied. A sensitivity analysis was performed to obtain insights into the effects of the equivalence ratio on the ignition delay time at low and high pressures. The results show that ignition is mainly controlled by the reaction H+O2=OH+O at 2.02×10 Pa. However, the reactions involving decalin and its corresponding radicals play important roles at 15.15×10 Pa. 836 HE Jiu-Ning et al.: Shock Tube Ignition Delay Measurements of Decalin/Air Mixtures at High Temperatures No.5
Objective To observe the role of pulmonary alveolar macrophage (AM) CD14 protein on the production of TNF-α after severely burned rats at early stage. Methods SD rats were burned with 20% TBSA Ⅲ°injury and the dynamic changes of plasma level of LPS was observed. After AMs of burned rats were isolated and cultured, level of CD14 mRNA expression and protein of AMs produced by AMs were detected with RT-PCR, immunohistochemical and ELISA method respectively. In vitro, level of TNF-α in the supernatant of normal rat AMs cultured with postburn serum with or without CD14 antibody were also detected. Results Level of plasma LPS increased significantly after severe burn injury. Correspondingly, the expression of CD14 mRNA and protein of AMs and level of TNF-α in the supernatant of AMs also increased. When AMs were cultured with postburn serum, the level of TNF-α in the supernatant increased significantly, which could be reversed at the present of CD14 antibody. Conclusions After severe burn injury, the role of LPS stimulation to immune system augments because of the increase of plasma LPS level and AMs CD14 receptor numbers, resulting in the increase of TNF-α secretion. These indicates that the production of proinflammatory cytokines may be inhibited via modulating CD14 signal transduction.
Abstract Yuxi, located in China’s central plateau of Yunnan, is grappling with ecological and environmental challenges as it continues to develop its economy. While ecological quality assessment serves as the foundation for ecological protection, it is pivotal to have reliable and long-term methods for assessing the ecological status to support informed decision-making in ecological protection. Reliable and long-term methods for assessing ecological status in order to facilitate informed decision-making in ecological protection are applied. This study utilized Landsat data to reconstruct four indices (greenness, wetness, dryness, and heat) during the vegetation growth in Yuxi from 2000 to 2020 that employs Harmonic Analysis of Time Series (HANTS) method. Subsequently, the annual Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) was computed by using the reconstructed indices to evaluate ecological quality in Yuxi. Additionally, spatiotemporal patterns and determinants of Yuxi’s ecological quality are unveiled through Sen’s slope estimator and Mann–Kendall test (Sen + MK) trend analysis, spatial auto-correlation analysis, and geographical detectors applied to year-by-year RSEI data. The findings in the paper indicate that the accuracy of the RSEI is significantly influenced by the vegetation season, suggesting that constructing the RSEI model with data from the vegetation growth season is crucial. Moreover, the HANTS optimization method effectively enhances the ecological indices used in the RSEI model, leading to smoother and more continuous filling of missing data. The difference between the reconstructed RSEI and the original RSEI falls within the range of − 0.15 to 0.15. Yuxi has an average RSEI of 0.54 to emphasis a moderate level of comprehensive ecological quality. Compared with river valley plains, the ecological quality of mountainous areas is higher, and the ecological quality of Yuxi presents a distinct center-edge pattern. From 2000 to 2020, Yuxi’s ecological quality exhibited fluctuations, with a slight overall improvement. Land use patterns, particularly in forestry land and impervious surfaces, are identified as the main drivers of these changes. The research offers valuable insights for scientific decision-making related to sustainable development and ecological protection.
Gibberella ear rot (GER) caused by Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) is one of the most devastating maize diseases that reduces grain yield and quality worldwide. Utilization of host genetic resistance has become one of the most suitable strategies to control GER. In this study, a set of 246 diverse inbred lines derived from the intermated B 73 × Mo 17 doubled haploid population (IBM Syn10 DH) were used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to GER. Meanwhile, a GradedPool-Seq (GPS) approach was performed to identify genomic variations involved in GER resistance. Using artificial inoculation across multiple environments, GER severity of the population was observed with wide phenotypic variation. Based on the linkage mapping, a total of 14 resistant QTLs were detected, accounting for 5.11 to 14.87% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. In GPS analysis, five significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GER resistance were identified. Combining QTL mapping and GPS analysis, a peak-value SNP on chromosome 4 from GPS was overlapped with the QTL qGER4.2, suggesting that the colocalized region could be the most possible target location conferring resistance to GER. Subsequently, seven candidate genes were identified within the peak SNP, linking them to GER resistance. These findings are useful for exploring the complicated genetic variations in maize GER resistance. The genomic regions and genes identified herein provide a list of candidate targets for further investigation, in addition to the combined strategy that can be used for quantitative traits in plant species.
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