Juan A. De León-Luis

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón

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Coral Bravo

Hospital Beatriz Ângelo

MÁ

Miguel Á. Ortega

Universidad de Alcalá

Francisco Gàmez

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

MÁ

Melchor Álvarez‐Mon

Universidad de Alcalá

Julia Buján

Universidad de Alcalá

Joaquín Santolaya-Forgas

Pediatrics and Genetics

Natalio García‐Honduvilla

Instituto Cajal

Oscar Fraile‐Martínez

Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria

Cielo García‐Montero

Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria

MÁ

María Ángeles Muñoz‐Fernández

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón

Cooperative Institutions

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón

315

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

203

Universidad de Alcalá

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Instituto Cajal

Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red

Hospital Clínico San Carlos

Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias

Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío

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Sonographic thymic measurements in Down syndrome fetuses

Prenatal Diagnosis (2011)

Juan A. De León-Luis Joaquín Santolaya Francisco Gàmez Pilar Pintado Ricardo Pérez

Abstract Objective Children with Down syndrome (DS) can have hypoplastic thymuses with an impaired capacity to liberate newly generated T cells. We sought to determine if the size of the thymus in DS fetuses is different from control fetuses. Methods We performed comprehensive prenatal sonographic evaluation that included measurements of the thymus in 874 control fetuses and in 12 DS fetuses. We used graphic comparisons between thymic measurements obtained from the two groups of fetuses and a nested case‐control validation study in which DS fetuses were matched for gestational age with control fetuses using a 2‐to‐1 ratio to make group comparisons. Results The plot analysis showed that more than two‐thirds of DS fetuses had sonographic signs of thymic hypoplasia. The nested case‐control study confirmed that the thymus of DS fetuses was statistically smaller than the thymus of control fetuses [DS transverse diameter 12.3 mm, interquartile range (IQR) 6.2 vs control 18.1 mm, IQR 4.4; p < 0.001 and, DS perimeter 30.9 mm, IQR 20.1 vs control 48.6 mm, IQR 20.4; p < 0.01]. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the majority of DS fetuses have smaller thymuses than control. Prenatal measurements of the thymus may be clinically useful in the management of DS pregnancies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Interquartile range

10.1002/pd.2783

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Citations (19)

Ecografía y doppler en patología endometrial

Acta ginecológica: Revista de ginecología, obstetricia y reproducción humana (2005)

Juan A. De León-Luis Javier Ortiz Rodríguez Óscar Martínez Pérez Ricardo Pérez Fernández Pacheco E. Antolín

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Emerging biomarkers for improving pregnancy planning in multiple sclerosis

Frontiers in Neurology (2024)

Juan Pablo Cuello Ariana Meldaña Rivera Enric Monreal Ana Gómez Lozano Ana Maria García Cano

Background Patient disability, relapse rate, and age are used for family planning in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the need for more accurate biomarkers is widely recognized. We aimed to explore the influence of age on neurofilament light chain (sNfL), which reflects acute inflammation; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), associated with disability progression independent of relapses; and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), reflecting ovarian reserve, to provide a tailored family planning strategy. Methods This case-control study included 95 MS patients and 61 healthy control women (HCW). sNfL and GFAP levels were measured using a sensitive single-molecule array assay. AMH levels were measured by the automated Elecsys ® Anti-Müllerian Hormone Assay. Results We observed no significant differences in AMH values between MS patients and the control group within any of the age-matched categories. Age exhibited a negative correlation with AMH values in both groups, as expected. Nevertheless, our findings suggest a slight tendency toward reduced ovarian reserve in MS patients (rho MS patients = −0.67, p < 0.0001; rho HCW = −0.43, p = 0.0006). Interestingly, among the 76 MS participants under 40 years old, we identified ten individuals (13.1%) with AMH levels below 0.7 ng/ml, indicative of a low ovarian reserve, and an additional six individuals (7.8%) with AMH levels between 0.7 ng/ml and 0.9 ng/ml, suggesting a potential risk of premature ovarian failure. Conversely, sNfL and GFAP levels in the MS group exhibited high variability but showed no significant association with age intervals. Conclusion We found no significant differences in AMH, sNfL or GFAP values between MS patients and the control group within any of the age-matched categories. The assessment of AMH, sNFL and GFAP levels at MS onset facilitates personalized therapeutic and family planning strategies for childbearing-age women.

Ovarian Reserve

Anti-Müllerian hormone

10.3389/fneur.2024.1292296

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Influence of Cerebral Vasodilation on Blood Reelin Levels in Growth Restricted Fetuses

Diagnostics (2021)

J. Pascual Pilar Pintado Recarte Carlos Romero Jorge C. Morales-Camino Concepción Hernández-Martín

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the most important obstetric pathologies. It is frequently caused by placental insufficiency. Previous studies have shown a relationship between FGR and impaired new-born neurodevelopment, although the molecular mechanisms involved in this association have not yet been completely clarified. Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in development of neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and spinal cord. Reelin has been demonstrated to play a key role in regulating perinatal neurodevelopment and to contribute to the emergence and development of various psychiatric pathologies, and its levels are highly influenced by pathological conditions of hypoxia. The purpose of this article is to study whether reelin levels in new-borns vary as a function of severity of fetal growth restriction by gestational age and sex. We sub-grouped fetuses in: normal weight group (Group 1, n = 17), FGR group with normal umbilical artery Doppler and cerebral redistribution at middle cerebral artery Doppler (Group 2, n = 9), and FGR with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler (Group 3, n = 8). Our results show a significant association of elevated Reelin levels in FGR fetuses with cerebral blood redistribution compared to the normal weight group and the FGR with abnormal umbilical artery group. Future research should focus on further expanding the knowledge of the relationship of reelin and its regulated products with neurodevelopment impairment in new-borns with FGR and should include larger and more homogeneous samples and the combined use of different in vivo techniques in neonates with impaired growth during their different adaptive phases.

Umbilical artery

DAB1

10.3390/diagnostics11061036

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Evidence of Increased Oxidative Stress in the Placental Tissue of Women Who Suffered an Episode of Psychosis during Pregnancy

Antioxidants (2023)

Miguel Á. Ortega Oscar Fraile‐Martínez Cielo García‐Montero Sonia Rodriguez-Martín Rosa M. Funes Moñux

Psychosis is a complex clinical syndrome resulting in a loss of contact with reality and alterations in behavior and sensorial and motor functions. Although the onset of psychosis can be related to any medical condition, most cases of psychosis are not fully understood. Psychosis may manifest for the first time during pregnancy, which is detrimental to maternofetal well-being. The impact of having a first episode of psychosis during pregnancy on the placenta has not yet been explored. Oxidative stress is thought to take part in the etiopathogenesis of this complex disorder, and this condition can also affect the placenta as it is highly sensitive to changes in the maternal environment. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to study the gene and protein expression through RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, of oxidative stress markers (NOX-1, NOX-2, iNOS, eNOS and PARP) in the placental tissue of women who underwent a first episode of psychosis during pregnancy (FE-PW) in comparison to healthy pregnant women. Our results showed augmented gene and protein expression of NOX-1, NOX-2, iNOS and PARP in the placental tissue of FE-PW. For the first time, we demonstrated that oxidative stress may have an important pathophysiological role in this tissue, aiding in explaining the impact of psychosis on pregnancy and the need for future studies in this field to guide better clinical management of these patients.

10.3390/antiox12010179

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EP04.02: Clinical application of CASSEAL (fetal cardiovascular system sonographic evaluation algorithm) for the diagnosis of fetal cardiovascular anomalies

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2015)

Coral Bravo Francisco Gàmez R. Pérez L. Ortiz Juan A. De León-Luis

To evaluate the diagnostic capability of CASSEAL in the ultrasound detection of congenital cardiovascular anomalies in the second trimester of pregnancy. CASSEAL is an algorithm for exploring the fetal super extended cardiovascular system and it is based on the acquisition of 9 different axial views, from the umbilical vein to the subclavian arteries. CASSEAL was applied in a cross-sectional study on singleton/multiple gestations from 19–22 weeks attending our unit for routine US examination along a 6 months period. When a fetal cardiovascular anomaly was detected, the affected views were registered. Pathological cases were followed-up until birth to confirm the findings. Sensitivity and specificity of CASSEAL were estimated. A total of 174 women and 198 fetuses were assessed using CASSEAL. Mean gestational age was 20 (±0.6) weeks. In 9 (4.5%) cases a cardiovascular anomaly was found, with 2 cases (1%) showing mayor defects (table 1). All cases were confirmed after birth and there was 1 false negative case detected at 35 weeks of gestation. Sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 100%, respectively. CASSEAL may be a useful algorithm for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal cardiovascular anomalies. It allows detection of mayor anomalies as well as minor anomalies or anatomical variants which could be associated to cardiac defects and syndromes.

Single umbilical artery

Fetal echocardiography

10.1002/uog.15540

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Assessesment of Subclavian Arteries: Usefulness of Coronal View in Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis

Journal of Integrative Cardiology (2017)

Ricardo Savirón‐Cornudella Lerma Puertas D C. Corona Cotaina Gracia L Jiménez Montañez L

The axial view is the reference for the diagnosis of vascular anomalies, including affecting subclavian arteries, like the aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) or an aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA).Although axial view allows us to distinguish vascular subclavian arteries anomalies in most cases, we can use the coronal view not only in cases of ARSA but also in cases of ALSA using the same methodology.Therefore, we can say that coronal view help us as an additional aid to support the diagnosis of both vascular anomalies.

10.15761/jic.1000227

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[Sonographic fetal sex determination in the first trimester: study in 2314 pregnancies and literature review].

PubMed (2015)

Isabel González Ballano Ricardo Savirón‐Cornudella D. Lerma Puertas Juan A. De León-Luis

To evaluate the success rate and reliability of fetal sex determination in first trimester between 11-13+ 6 weeks and make a comparative study with other studies.A cohort study was performed. 2314 first trimester pregnancy ultrasounds were examined. For fetal sex estimation, the method of a sagittal section and the relation between the angle formed by the genital tubercle and spinal column was used.Diagnosis of fetal sex was issued in 1986 cases with 90.1% success rate. In 328 cases (14.2%) no gender assignment was achieved. A directly proportional relationship between success rate in fetal sex diagnosis and crown-rump length (CRL) (p < 0.001) was described; with CRL over 65 mm, the prediction of fetal sex is above 95% and from 77 mm is close to 100%. With CRL < 51 mm, the success rate is less than 80% in both sexes.The simplest and best performing technique is the relation between the angle formed by the genital tubercle and spinal column. Success rate below 60 mm is less than 90% overall, so it would have to be wary of establishing the fetal sex, especially if it involves a decision as to avoid an invasive test.

Sex organ

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Study of the ambryonic microenvironment

Acta ginecológica: Revista de ginecología, obstetricia y reproducción humana (2006)

Juan A. De León-Luis Leah Quintana Joaquín Santolaya-Forgas

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Relación de las subpoblaciones de linfocitos T con los marcadores pronósticos de la infección pediátrica por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

Medicina Clínica (2001)

Salvador Resino J. Navarro José M. Bellón María Ángeles Muñoz‐Fernández Dolores Gurbindo

10.1016/s0025-7753(01)72063-5

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Citations (8)