Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) optimise antimicrobial use, improve patient outcomes, and reduce resistance. To assess the effectiveness of ASPs, it is necessary to have indicators that can be widely used. Defined daily dose (DDD) was designed by the World Health Organization for the adult population as a consumption indicator.
Objectives
Validate the tool designed in phase I of the KiDDDs project to establish the most appropriate DDD values in the paediatric population.
Material and Methods
This is an observational, retrospective, multicentre study consisting of two phases. The first phase was aimed at the theoretical calculation of paediatric DDD. The second phase constitutes the validation of the study. Antimicrobial prescriptions were collected from the wards of seven Spanish hospitals during 2017 and 2018. Studied variables were age, gender, weight, antimicrobial dose, frequency and route of administration. Those antimicrobials included in the first stage were considered. From the data collected, the total dose of antibiotic received per patient (mg/day) was calculated, subsequently, the median of the resulting DDD per antibiotic (g/day) was obtained (DDD-Phase II) and were compared with the theoretical DDD (DDD-Phase I).
Abstract Background and Objectives Potentially inappropriate medication refers to the prescription of drugs whose risks outweigh the benefits. There are different pharmacotherapeutic optimization strategies to detect and avoid potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), namely deprescription. The List of Evidence-Based Deprescribing for Chronic Patients (LESS-CHRON) criteria were designed as a tool to systematize the deprescribing process. LESS-CHRON has established itself as one of the most suitable to be applied in older (≥65 years) multimorbid patients. However, it has not been applied to these patients, to measure the impact on their treatment. For this reason, a pilot study was conducted to analyze the feasibility of implementing this tool in a care pathway. Research Design and Methods A pre–post quasi-experimental study was conducted. Older outpatients with multimorbidity from the Internal Medicine Unit of a benchmark Hospital were included. The main variable was feasibility in clinical practice, understood as the likelihood that the deprescribing intervention recommended by the pharmacist would be applied to the patient. Success rate, therapeutic, and anticholinergic burden, and other variables related to health care utilization were analyzed. Results A total of 95 deprescribing reports were prepared. Forty-three were evaluated by the physician who assessed the recommendations made by pharmacists. This translates into an implementation feasibility of 45.3%. The application of LESS-CHRON identified 92 PIMs. The acceptance rate was 76.7% and after 3 months 82.7% of the stopped drugs remained deprescribed. A reduction in anticholinergic burden and enhanced adherence was achieved. However, no improvement was found in clinical or health care utilization variables. Discussion and Implications The implementation of the tool in a care pathway is feasible. The intervention has achieved great acceptance and deprescribing has been successful in a not insignificant percentage. Future studies with a larger sample size are necessary to obtain more robust results in clinical and health care utilization variables.
Current treatment for Monkeypox's disease (MPXV) is mainly symptomatic. However, in immunocompromised patients, hospitalisation and treatment with antiviral drugs may be necessary. With the recent outbreak of MPXV, new strategies have been proposed.
Aim and Objectives
The aim of the study was to describe our clinical experience with tecovirimat and cidofovir in the treatment of MPXV in a patient whose CD4+ lymphocyte level is less than 50 cells/ml.
Material and Methods
The effectiveness of tecovirimat-cidofovir was assessed by the evolution of the rash from macule to crusts that dry up and fall off.
Results
The patient was a 35-year-old man diagnosed with MPXV who presented skin lesions in the perineal area, extremities, face, trunk and back and severe proctitis. At admission, the patient was diagnosed with HIV (severely immunosuppressed with CD4+ lymphocyte levels of <40 cells/ml), so he was started on antiretroviral treatment (BIC/TAF/TDF). Sexually transmitted infection screening detected Chlamydia trachomatis infection, which was treated with doxycycline. In the context of MPXV proctitis, it was decided to apply for tecovirimat, the antiviral treatment of choice. The dosage for tecovirimat is weight-based, 600 mg was administered every 12 hours for 14 days (30/08/22–12/09/22). Regarding effectiveness, no new lesions were observed and those already present were regressing, except in the perianal area, where the lesions continued to progress. Therefore, it was decided to administer intravenous cidofovir 5 mg/kg twice weekly (09/09/22, 16/09/22). To avoid toxicity, oral probenecid was administered concomitantly: 2 g 3 hours before and 1 g 2 and 8 hours after completing the perfusion, in addition to 0.9% saline solution 1000 ml 1 h before. After the treatment, there was a progression of lesions in the right inguinal region, palpating left inguinal adenopathy and intense involvement of the testicle, groin and perineal area.
Conclusion and Relevance
In contrast to previous cases of patients whose CD4+ lymphocyte levels were above 500 cells/ml, the treatment with tecovirimat and cidofovir in this patient did not achieve a satisfactory response due to the continuous appearance of new lesions. The severe immunosuppression could probably explain the aggressive development of the disease.