Cyclins are known as regulatory proteins in cell cycle. Cyclin H is a part of cyclin H/Cdk7/Mat1 complex, which is necessary for cellular proliferation. This study was designed to investigate the correlation of cyclin H expression with tumorigenesis of the endometrium and clinicopathologic variables. Immunohistochemical staining using labeled streptavidin-biotin complex was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrial tissues of the proliferative, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous types. Immunostaining for cyclins A, B1, D1, D3, E, H, and cyclin dependent kinase 2 were evaluated. The expression of cyclins A, D1, D3, and H in hyperplasia was significantly more frequent than those of proliferative phase and less than those of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The expression of cyclin H was correlated with lymphvascular space invasion and clinical stage in carcinoma but not with myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, and menopause status. The expression of cyclin H could be involved in the transformation of the endometrium into malignancy and might be a marker for more proliferative and malignant features. It might be one of the biomarkers for determining proliferative activity in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
Abstract Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an uncommon and life‐threatening infection of the kidney that is characterized by gas formation within or around the kidney and is associated with diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection. Amoebiasis is a protozoal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica . In its invasive forms, the disease is characterized by visceral abscess formations. We present a case of concomitant emphysematous pyelonephritis and renal amoebiasis in a 42‐year‐old female with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The patient did not respond well to initial supportive treatment and antibiotherapy. Therefore, nephrectomy was performed. She did extremely well after the operation and was discharged with antidiabetics and antibiotics.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) are the common mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract. They can display benign and malignant clinical behavior. The most common metastasis sites of malignant stromal tumor are liver, peritoneum, lung and bones. Metastasis to breast is extremely rare. Here, we present a case of GIST with liver, bone, lymph node and breast metastasis by reviewing the literature.
Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial disease characterized by chronic or subacute suppurative inflammation. Abdominal actinomycosis is rarer and accounts for approximately 20% of all actinomycosis cases. In the literature, patients who underwent surgery for actinomycosis mimicking malignant tumors have been reported. Most of these patients had mucosal trauma and inflammation signs. It is often difficult to diagnose abdominal actinomycosis preoperatively and often impossible to distinguish it from a malignant tumor. We present a case that preoperatively was diagnosed as a malignant tumor but pathological evaluation reported to be diverticulitis and actinomycosis. This case can increase the awareness about this disease, which is possible to be treated non-surgically.
Angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy originating from vascular endothelial cells. Brain metastasis of aniosarcomas are uncommon up to the literature. Penile angiosarcomas are also seldom among all anjiosarcomas. A case with penile angiosarcoma with confirmed brain metastasis is aimed to be reported and contribute to the literature for similar cases.
