The monohole drilling technique is used to solve the issues of drilling deep,ultra-deep,and complex wells.Since it would not decrease the wellbore radius nor impact the follow-up drilling operation,the technique could decrease the drilling risk and improve wellbore scheme,what is more,ensure reaching the objective formation smoothly.The proceeding of monohole drilling tech-nology was illustrated.The pilot test has been successfully carried out overseas,including the use of operation technology,and drilling tools.Domestically,the related technology RD have been carried out and finished the indoor experiment of key tools.The key of the technique are the expanding tube material,the connection type,operation technology and drilling tools.The advantages of the technique were illustrated,such as saving drilling cost,improving the safety reliance of drilling operation,and protecting environment.It was pointed out that the hybrid of monohole drilling and ERD would significantly quicken the drilling engineering development.
Effects of Mangai and Laiyuan chrysotile on the conformation of membrane protein and the antagonistic action of aluminum citrate to them were studied with circular dichroism. Results showed that these two kinds of chrysotile could significantly reduce the amount of alpha-helix in membrane protein of human erythrocytes in 20 minutes with a dose-dependent manner. Effect of Mangai chrysotile was stronger than that of Laiyuan one. It suggested the changes in the conformation of membrane protein were the key link in chrysotile-caused hemolysis. After treatment with aluminum citrate, these effects weakened. It provided important information for elucidating the mechanism of aluminum citrate in antagonism to cytotoxicity of chrysotile.
Background Pathogenic variants in the FIG4 gene have been described to be associated with a diverse spectrum of syndromes, such as autosomal recessive bilateral temporooccipital polymicrogyria (OMIM 612691), autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-11 (ALS11; OMIM 612577), autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4J (CMT4J; OMIM 611228), and autosomal recessive Yunis-Varon syndrome (YVS; OMIM 216340). Heterozygous FIG4 variants are responsible for ALS11 characterized by progressive muscular weakness, atrophy, and bulbar palsy. CMT4J is a disorder of peripheral nervous system defects mainly presenting with a highly variable onset of proximal and/or distal muscle weakness. YVS is a disorder of severe neurological involvement with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and extensive skeletal anomalies. Case Presentation We reported two Chinese siblings born with a weakness in all limbs. They experienced rapidly progressive weakness in distal limbs. At the age of 6 years, the elder brother presented with severe scoliosis and cervical kyphosis. They both had global developmental delay and a CNS involvement with cognitive deficits and swallowing problems. Genetic screening in the patients' family for inherited diseases was recommended. Novel compound heterozygous variants in the FIG4 gene (c.2148delTinsAA and c.317A > G) were found by whole-exome sequencing in the patients. These variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in family members. Conclusions Herein, we reported two Chinese male patients with CMT4J who presented with abnormal CNS features. CMT4J with CNS involvement has been very rarely reported. We hoped this study could expand the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of FIG4-related diseases. And we helped physicians to understand the genotype–phenotype correlation.
ABSTRACT Three-dimensional forward modeling is used to describe a geometrically viable evolution of faulted salt domes. Field evidence indicates that faulting above piercement salt domes initiates with two or three crossing master faults. Forward kinematic modeling shows that simultaneous movement on the master faults causes them to be mutually offsetting. A critical control on the structural style of model dome is whether the top of salt is faulted or not. Model results imply that if the top of the salt is faulted, there is a greater chance of small-scale faults developed in the major flank grabens bounded by master normal faults. Cross sections cut from models indicate that structural patterns of three-dimensional structures like active salt domes are very variable when observed in two-dimensional cross sections. A single dome is very asymmetrical in perpendicular sections, but symmetrical in parallel sections, and in both parallel and perpendicular cross sections, structural patterns change significantly when the position of section planes changes. Model results suggest that when interpreting active salt domes, structural patterns determined from one seismic line might not be applicable to the adjacent section. Field example and model dome indicate that the central graben of active salt dome is commonly highly deformed and always show unrestorable structural thinning because of out-of-plane volume transport. Model results have been applied to give insight into the potential problems of the interpretation of the Clay Creek dome, Texas and provide alternatives.
To determine whether tumor angiogenesis correlates with progression of gastric carcinoma.Microvessel counts (MVC) of 131 specimens resected from patients with gastric carcinoma were investigated by immunohistological staining with a monoclonal antibody against F-VIII RAg, counting the mean number of microvessels in the five areas of highest vascular density under 200 times magnification microscopy. Correlation among MVC, various clinicopathologic factors, and prognosis was studied.MVC increased with TNM stage, the MVC of patients with advanced stage disease was significantly higher than that of early stage patients (P < 0.01). MVC was significantly higher in tumors with deep penetration (P < 0.05), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and distant metastasis (P < 0.05) than in those without invasion and such metastasis. The recurrence rate after curative resection in hypervascular group (MVC > or 16) was 58.4%, which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in the hypovascular group (MVC < 16). Moreover, the prognosis of patients with a high MVC was significantly poorer than that of those with a low MVC. The probability of 5 year survival rate was estimated by P = e(1.6231-0.1036 x MVC)/1 + e(1.6231-0.1036 x MVC). Multivariate analysis indicated that MVC is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer.Angiogenesis within gastric cancer is an indicator of tumor behavior and may identify patients at higher risk for recurrence and poorer prognosis.
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